Browsing by Author "Vincent, Charles"

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Open Access
A Non-radial DEA index for Peruvian regional competitiveness
(CENTRUM Publishing, 2016) Vincent, Charles; Díaz, Guillermo
In this paper, we propose a method to measure competitiveness performance at the subnational level, with an application to Peruvian regions. For this, we propose a benefit-of-the-doubt composite index that summarizes the information of several indicators that characterize competitiveness. It is based on an optimization approach, using Data Enveloping Analysis (DEA) techniques, so that each indicator is weighted in an endogenous way, and each unit is evaluated in the most favourable light. Our proposed index is a non-radial variant of the typical DEA scores, which avoids the traditional pitfalls of DEA-based composite indexes, such as unreasonable weights. Additionally, we propose a meta-frontier approach in order to compare the competitiveness performances across different periods of evaluation. Our assessments of the Peruvian regions' competitiveness performance improve on the results of traditional DEA methods, which award high marks to regions with very heterogeneous performance (i.e., regions with very high scores in some indicators, and very poor in others). Additionally, the comparison of the performance across time shows a general decrease in the average competitiveness between 2008 to 2014 in the Peruvian regions.
Open Access
A Satisficing DEA Model to Measure the Customer-based Brand Equity
(CENTRUM Publishing, 2015) Vincent, Charles; Zavala, Jorge
Ever since the inception of brand values, these have become a benchmark for many data-driven strategies, eventually providing a basis for vertical/horizontal integrations, as well. In recent decades, brands have become comparable across the industries, based on their value derived either from the customer perception or in terms of the firm financials. Numerous models have been developed in time to measure the customer-based brand equity; nevertheless, they all evaluate brand equity in an absolute sense. The present research paper provides an avenue to measure the customer-based brand equity in a relative sense using a satisficing DEA model. The information for this model has been collected through a customer-based survey questionnaire in line with predefined brand equity dimensions, which have been verified through a confirmatory factor analysis. We demonstrate the approach by means of applying the proposed model to measure the efficiency of cell phone brands.
Open Access
A translation invariant pure DEA model
(CENTRUM Publishing, 2015) Vincent, Charles; Färe, Rolf; Grosskopf, Shawna
This short communication complements the DEA model proposed by Lovell and Pastor (Eur. J. Oper. Res. 118 (1999), 46-51), by incorporating both positive and negative criteria in the model. As such, we propose a DEA model, known as pure DEA, using a directional distance function approach.
Open Access
Adapting Fuzzy Linguistic SERVQUAL Model: A comparative analysis of bank services in Malaysia
(CENTRUM Publishing, 2012) Vincent, Charles; Kumar, Mukesh; Suggu, Srinivas
Fuzzy logic provides a useful tool for dealing with decisions in which the phenomena are imprecise and vague. The application of non-parametric statistical analysis in the SERVQUAL model could be more meaningful in the presence of skewed distribution of customers’ scores. The current paper aims to construct a fuzzy SERVQUAL method for evaluating the service quality of banks in Malaysia for different market segments, namely conventional, Islamic and foreign banks. Further, a comparison of service quality gaps has been assessed with respect to demographic characteristics of the customers to answer a fundamental question “What do customers want from banking services and which elements of service quality is important for different customers?” The sample is made up of 766 bank customers, consisting of the customers from conventional, Islamic and foreign banks from different parts of Malaysia. The data have been collected by using the structured questionnaire, which consists of three sections. Section 1 deals with consumers’ usage of banking channels and their banking behavior. Section 2 contains 26 statements related to service quality dimensions based on past literature. Finally, Section 3 contains the questions related to the socio-demographic profiles of respondents. First, the effectiveness of the Fuzzy linguistic scale and the Likert scale was compared by using the test of internal consistencies on dimensions of service quality. Further, the assumptions of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were checked for appropriateness of statistical analysis to be performed for the comparative analysis. Finally, the SERVQUAL gaps are analyzed and compared across 3 market segments and different groups of customers based on demographic characteristics by using non-parametric approach.
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An internal fraud model for operational losses : an application to evaluate data integration techniques in operational risk management in financial institutions
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017-03-02) Paredes Leandro, Rocío Margaret; Vincent, Charles
The handling of external operational loss data by individual banks is one of the longstanding problems in risk management theory and practice. The extant literature has not provided a method to identify the best way to combine internal and external operational loss data to calculate operational risk capital. Hence, to improve the knowledge and understanding of internal-external data combination in operational risk management, this study applied a simulation-based evaluation of well-known data combination techniques such as the scaling, the Bayesian, and the covariate-base techniques. This research considered operational losses arising from internal fraud in retail banking within a group of international banks that share data through an operational loss data exchange. One of the key elements of the simulation-based statistical evaluation was the development of a dynamic internal fraud model for operational losses in retail banking. The internal fraud model incorporated human factors such as the number of employees per branch and the ethical quality of workers. It also included the extent of risk controls set by bank managers. There were two sets of findings. First, according to the simulation-based evaluation, the scaling technique was by far the less useful for estimating the appropriate operational risk capital. The Bayesian and the covariate-based techniques performed best. The Bayesian technique was the best for higher percentiles while the covariate-based technique was the best at not so extreme quantiles. The choice of technique therefore depends on the risk appetite of the financial institution. The second set of findings relates to the model validation with hard data. Losses generated by the model in the banks across the world were associated with GDP growth and the corruption perception of the country where banks were located. In general, internal fraud losses are pro-cyclical and the corruption perception in a country positively affects the occurrence of internal fraud losses. When a country is perceived as more corrupt, retail banking in that country will feature more severe internal fraud losses. To the best of knowledge, it is the first time in the operational risk literature that this type of result is reported
Open Access
Evaluating the Performance of Indian Banking Sector using Data Envelopment Analysis during Post-Reform and Global Financial Crisis
(CENTRUM Publishing, 2012) Kumar, Mukesh; Vincent, Charles
Enticed by the reform of Indian banking sector in the early 1990s and further slowdown in the economy as a result of global financial crisis in late 2000s, the current study analyzes the performance of Indian banks using data envelopment analysis. The performance is measured in terms of technical efficiency, returns-to-scale, and Malmquist productivity index for a sample of 33 banks, consisting of 19 public sector and 14 private sector banks during the period spanning 1995-96 to 2009-10. The jackknifing analysis, followed by the dummy variable regression model is used to identify the outlier and its possible impact on overall efficiency trends. Findings reveal that efficiency scores are robust in the sense that the inclusion of outlier does not affect the overall efficiency trends. The public sector bank is faintly doing better than the private sector banks in terms of (i) technical efficiency since 2003-04 and (ii) scale efficiency from 2000-01 onwards. There is growing tendency of public banks operating under increasing returns to scale, implying that substantial gains could be obtained from altering scale via either internal growth or consolidation in the sector. The difference in the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) change between these two types of banks is found to be statistically significant in favour of public sector banks. The technological change has been the dominating source of productivity growth, whereas, the contribution of pure efficiency change and scale change are found to be negligible in Indian banking sector during the period of study. The reform in Indian banking sector has clearly re-energized the Indian banking sector as a whole, resulting in a positive change in TFP through technological change possibly as a result of adoption of latest technology and new business practices in post reform period. However, there is evidence of shrink in the market resulting in movement of the banks towards increasing returns-to-scale as well as negative growth in TFP in both the sectors during the period of global financial crisis.
Open Access
Joint chance-constrained reliability optimization with general form of distributions
(CENTRUM Publishing, 2014) Vincent, Charles; Islam Ansari, Saifu; Khodabakhshi, Mohammad
Probabilistic or stochastic programming is a framework for modeling optimization problems that involve uncertainty. Stochastic programming models arise as reformulations or extensions of reliability optimization problems with random parameters. Moreover, the resource elements vary and it is reasonable to consider them as stochastic variables. In this paper, we describe the chance-constrained reliability stochastic optimization (CCRSO) problem for which the objective is to maximize the system reliability for the given joint chance constraints where only the resource variables are random in nature and which follow different general form of distributions. Few numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the applicability of the methodology.
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Location-allocation problem for banking correspondent services : the colombian urban market case
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017-03-02) Cardona Prada, Juan Carlos; Vincent, Charles
Banking correspondents are a channel through which third parties operate on behalf of a bank, under a contract authorising the provision of some banking services. This model has been implemented extensively in developing countries, as a channel to increase financial inclusion by bringing financial products and services closer to marginalised populations. However, there is a lack of studies on the criteria employed by banks when selecting retailers to turn into banking correspondents (BC), in turn preventing the channel from offering a service portfolio adequate to the capacities of the retailers providing this kind of services, affecting the profitability and sustainability of the channel. The current research parted from the agency theory, which allowed to understand the relationship between the parties involved in the delivery of BC services, seeking to boost financial inclusion in Colombia through the development of the BC channel by solving the problem of location and portfolio allocation for retailers acting as banking correspondents in Colombian urban zones. It parted from the case of Bogota, where improvements were achieved in the selection of retailers and portfolio allocation, thus enhancing the relationship between agents, allowing banks to select banking correspondents and allocating them a particular service portfolio, while transaction volumes and channel profits are maximised. This was done through the development of a methodology comprising five stages, namely: (a) the development of a taxonomy on network integration models and financial services; (b) the development of a taxonomy on the strategies of small and medium retailers that could be selected as banking correspondents; (c) the validation of both taxonomies through cluster analyses; (d) validation of the resulting classifications through an ANOVA and a Kruskal-Wallis H test; and (e) the elaboration of a chance-constrained programming model that uses the elements built and validated in the formers stages. A classification of retailers was obtained from factors related to their operational and business strategies, as well as a classification of banking correspondents based on their service portfolios. It was also noted there is a significant relationship between the groups from both classifications, which led to the chance-constrained programming model being run on a sample of retailers in Bogotá, located at the borough of Suba. The model enabled to select those retailers best suited to become banking correspondents, determining the number of transactions according to their constraints in terms of retailer capabilities, banks and the environment, while estimating the expected income from these banking correspondent operations
Open Access
Measuring the Performance of a Dehydration Plant of Apples
(CENTRUM Publishing, 2015) Sánchez Ramírez, Rodrigo Antonio; Vincent, Charles; González Araya, Marcela; Paliza, Juan Carlos
Given the importance of the Chilean dried-fruit market and the characteristics of the industrial process of dehydration, it becomes imperative for companies to measure the efficiency of their production processes in order to identify critical areas and take the necessary actions to improve them. Hence, the present work performs an efficiency analysis for the production of dried apples in a plant of the Maule region, Chile. The methodology used is Data Envelopment Analysis, considering both discretionary and non-discretionary variables. The results indicate that the application of the model without non-discretionary variables shows higher efficiency indices than the model with non-discretionary variables. Additionally, the efficiency analysis results, segregated by variety, origin, and fruit type, indicate that the selection of these segregations could be used to increase the production or generate higher efficiencies. Finally, the technological change in the same plant is analysed through the Malmquist index. The findings of this research could help improve the decision-making process of managers concerned with the efficient use of resources within the company.
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Planeamiento estratégico de la Provincia de Ica
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017-06-14) Ballinas García, Marino Zósimo; Reynoso Salazar, Marlon Franco; Romero Canchan, Franco Adolfo; Salazar Barrientos, Mego; Vincent, Charles
El presente documento constituye un planeamiento estratégico para la provincia de Ica, para el periodo 2016-2026, elaborado usando el modelo secuencial de D’Alessio (2015). El objetivo es desarrollar ventajas competitivas en esta provincia, a partir de la correcta identificación de sus fortalezas y del potencial de la organización, para lo cual se definió la visión, que se basa en mejoras en el Índice de Desarrollo Humano y en el Índice de Progreso Social. Para esto habrá que incrementar la producción en distintos sectores económicos; principalmente, en la agroindustria, la pesca y el turismo. A nivel interno, la provincia de Ica tiene diversas fortalezas, entre las que destaca el potencial de desarrollo comercial y la presencia de centros turísticos y culturales. En cambio, entre las debilidades se tiene el bajo grado de inversión para la actividad comercial y empresarial, y el crecimiento desorganizado. A partir de las fortalezas que actualmente se tienen, se identificó el potencial de la organización y su capacidad de generar ventajas competitivas, que se complementan con la conformación de un clúster agroindustrial y otro turístico. Del lado de las oportunidades, se identificaron el crecimiento económico nacional, que estimula el consumo privado, junto con el incremento en las inversiones, a lo cual se le suma la promoción internacional del turismo cultural y gastronómico. Sin embargo, a la vez, se tienen amenazas, como la desaceleración económica y el bajo nivel de investigación y desarrollo, entre otros
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Planeamiento estratégico de la Provincia de Trujillo
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017-06-13) Villarreal Maccha, Alex Aaron; Justo Casaretto, Miguel; Correa Machado, Taty; Arriola Flores, Vanessa; Vincent, Charles
El presente documento constituye el planeamiento estratégico para la provincia de Trujillo desarrollado para el periodo 2016 – 2026, basado en el modelo secuencial de D’Alessio (2015). El objetivo del presente documento es desarrollar las ventajas competitivas de la provincia de Trujillo identificando las fortalezas internas y las oportunidades externas; partiendo desde una visión estratégica que permita a la provincia de Trujillo ser una comunidad sostenible donde el cuidado del medio ambiente, el desarrollo económico y el avance tecnológico se combinen de forma armoniosa para lograr el crecimiento de los ciudadanos, que será medido en base a indicadores como el Índice de Desarrollo Humano, Índice de Competitividad Regional del Perú, y el Índice de Progreso Social Regional. Los principales hallazgos son el potencial de crecimiento económico de la provincia, la diversidad de sectores económicos donde se puede desarrollar la innovación, una inmensa cultura e historia, clima agradable para vivir y también para desarrollar negocios que se ve fortalecida por el buen desempeño macroeconómico del país. Existen amenazas que estratégicamente se deben evitar y mitigar; el bajo desarrollo y uso de la tecnología, las provincias vecinas que desarrollan productos similares y ofrecen nuevos escenarios para atraer inversión, el entorno económico mundial que cada vez se está desacelerando en su consumo ofrecen un riesgo que se debe atender. Internamente la provincia de Trujillo cuenta con una población joven, nivel educativo superior al promedio del país, sectores económicos diversificados y con amplia experiencia en manufactura y agroindustria que ofrecen la oportunidad de explotarlos y generar productos con alta calidad y con un valor agregado proveniente de la innovación
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Planeamiento estratégico para La Arena S.A.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017-07-07) Baila Cornejo, Hugo Armando; Elguera Bernales, Rosario Elizabeth; Ortiz Ramón, Alfredo Ricardo; Vincent, Charles
En el presente trabajo se ha desarrollado una propuesta de valor para el crecimiento de la participación de mercado, la continuidad del negocio y el posicionamiento de la nueva operación de la empresa La Arena S.A., subsidiaria de Tahoe Resources Inc., empresa minera internacional productora de metales preciosos con sede central en Estados Unidos y con operaciones en el Perú. Dedicada al desarrollo de proyectos de oro y plata, La Arena S.A. se ubica al norte del Perú, en la región La Libertad, específicamente en la provincia de Sánchez Carrión. La explotación minera que realiza esta empresa en el Perú se inició en el 2011. Asimismo, las condiciones macroeconómicas favorables, la estabilidad política y jurídica del Perú, y la disponibilidad de recursos minerales del país han sido favorables para que empresas mineras de reconocimiento mundial, como Tahoe Resources Inc, puedan operar y desarrollar sus negocios de exploración, y explotación de oro y de cobre. La experiencia de esta minera permite utilizar los recursos de forma óptima. De esta manera, la empresa realiza una contribución socialmente responsable para el desarrollo del país, respeta el marco jurídico-legal, y regula el impacto medioambiental que pueda generar. En este contexto, el presente plan estratégico ha sido elaborado para ubicar a La Arena S.A. en la tercera posición de liderazgo en la producción de oro en el Perú y desarrollar el proyecto de cobre en un horizonte de 10 años, a partir del 2017. Para ello, propone desarrollar diversas estrategias, surgidas como resultado de la aplicación de algunas matrices determinadas, con la finalidad de alcanzar esta meta. Además, la metodología que se ha empleado involucró la participación activa e interfuncional de todos los miembros de la organización con el fin de avanzar gradualmente, generar una imagen favorable y conseguir los objetivos propuestos. Para concluir, es importante mencionar que el incremento del precio del oro en el último decenio ha permitido que la industria minera en el Perú se haya desarrollado significativamente para atender los requerimientos del mercado mundial
Open Access
Regulatory Design and Technical Efficiency: Public Transport in France
(CENTRUM Publishing, 2015) Díaz, Guillermo; Vincent, Charles
Public transport systems are often subject to a close regulatory oversight because of their economic and social impacts. In the case of France, this has led to an institutional design that has involved the participation of private firms in the service provision, and the use of incentive contracts to regulate them, among other characteristics. We study the effect of these institutional features on the efficiency of the firms in the sector. For this, we use nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques to estimate the input usage efficiency, and explore a few potential institutional and regulatory determinants. We apply a conditional DEA approach and fixed effects second stage regressions to control for potentially observed and unobserved sources of heterogeneity across different environments in which the firms operate. Our results point to a differential effect of private and mixed public-private companies. In particular, having the performance of public operators as the benchmark, efficiency is relatively higher for private firms, but lower when the service is delegated to a mixed public-private firm. Furthermore, the effects seem to diverge greatly by contract type when the firm is mixed so that, when the contract is of the cost reimbursement type, performance is lower than the public firm benchmark, while for other contract types there are no statistically significant differences.
Open Access
Student-based brand equity in the business schools sector: An exploratory study
(CENTRUM Publishing, 2015) Vincent, Charles; Iona Gherman, Tatiana
Faced with increased competition, business schools seem to have realized that having the strongest brands, hence, a distinct image, is vital to strengthen their presence in the education marketplace. It is in this context that the present paper focuses on assessing the dimensions of brand equity of business schools from the MBA-enrolled student’s perspective, with a specific reference to the Peruvian market. In this regard, it builds an instrument around five dimensions of brand equity, namely, brand loyalty, brand association, brand awareness, perceived quality, and overall brand perception. Additionally, it furnishes a snapshot of the Peruvian business schools sector by means of providing the order of dimensions pertaining to each business school. The analysis suggests that perceived quality seems to be the most important dimension of brand equity, while the overall brand perception is almost always ranked last. Conceptualizing brand equity from the MBA-enrolled student’s perspective can prove to be useful as this framework could assist business schools in designing marketing strategies to improve their brand equity and gain a higher student share.
Open Access
The Right To Be Forgotten – Is Privacy Sold Out in the Big Data Age?
(CENTRUM Publishing, 2014) Vincent, Charles; Tavana, Madjid; Iona Gherman,Tatiana
The potential of big data has exceeded the expectations of most organizations. However, despite its vast importance and application, some important aspects of big data remain the subject of debate. One of the most sensitive and worrisome issues for big data is the privacy of personal information. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the major theories of philosophical ethics may be used as a referential framework for conceptualizing the evolution of the concept of privacy of personal information in the big data era. We identify a gap in big data research and suggest that while privacy has been extensively explored in different settings, it has not been sufficiently studied relative to the social and technological changes in the big data era. We attempt to fill this gap by proposing that the study of privacy be closely tied to the evolution of the social structure.