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La acción política frente al estigma de la violencia entre los jóvenes universitarios posconflicto: los casos de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos y la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) Jave, Iris; Cépeda, Mario; Uchuypoma, Diego
This paper explores the different way on which the internal armedconflict still affects the Peruvian universities; now, through a process of symbolic violence from many spheres like the family or the mass media. In this context, the students build new forms of political participation; the university as a space of political debate and action is seriously affected by the fear of its students to be marked by the stigma of the violence; moreover, all this is amplified by the destruction of the political system and the lack of interest on the regular ways of political participation among young students. Although, in our research we have found that university students participate in different spheres of the public life that, without being planned, cre- ates new ways of political participation: the case of the colectivos. We conclude that between the stigma —and the supposed presence of Movadef in the universities—, and the lack of institutional ways to channel their demands, the students are building a new form of political action that will be fully shaped in the future when they achieve to structure their movement and colectivos.
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Barclay, Frederica y Pedro García Hierro. La batalla por ‘los nanti’: intereses y discursos superpuestos a favor de la extinción de la reserva territorial kugapakori nahua nanti y otros. Lima: Perú Equidad & IWGIA, 2014. 59 pp.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-03) Surrallés, Alexandre
No presenta resumen
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Coreografía de una matanza: memoria y performance de la masacre de Accomarca en el carnaval ayacuchano en Lima, Perú
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) Aroni, Renzo
On August 14, 1985, during the long internal armed conflict between the Maoist guerrilla group Sendero Luminoso and the Peruvian state, an army patrol entered the Andean town Accomarca, located in the Ayacucho region, and killed 69 indigenous people, including children and elderly, alleged supporters of the insurgent group. The majority of survivors and relatives of victims were displaced to Lima and integrated into the victims’ organization and the Asociación Hijos del Distrito de Accomarca - AHIDA. Since 2011, on the occasion of the extradition from the United States of Lieutenant Telmo Hurtado, main person responsible of the massacre, the AHIDA has recreated the painful experience of the massacre through an annual Ayacuchan Carnival performance incor- porating choreography and testimonial songs to demand justice for the victims of the massacre. In addition, this carnivalesque performance involves children and young people who did not lived the massacre, but imagine, interpret and create their own memory by communicating with the survivors and participating in the cultural production of the event. In this article, I expose how survivors and relatives of victims remember the massacre and transmit their memories to their children through a carnivalesque performance. I describe the production of an intergenerational memory through the intergenerational transmission, which is constructed in the domestic space (family), the communal/institutional space (AHIDA), and the public space (Carnival). Surely, the occasion of the Carnival is a powerful spacefor the production of other forms of memory, and for the demand for justice through participatory choreographic and musical performance.
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Desaparecidos en la penumbra del atardecer: disputas privadas, memoria y conflicto armado interno en San Miguel (Ayacucho)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) Cóndor Alarcón, Nory; Pereyra Chávez, Nelson E.
This paper studies the case of Francisco Buendía, a man of San Miguel, in the province of La Mar (Ayacucho), who was disappeared by Sendero Luminoso in 1984. From Stathis N. Kalyvas’ theoretical offers, it reconstructs the secret microdynamics of the case, which they connected with the armed internal conflict. To find these local dynamics, one resorts to the remembrances and silences of the Buendía’s relatives and to the information that reveal the notarial and judicial documents that the memory tries to hide. This paper shows that the local dynamics contain disputes that they have to see with the process of restructuring of the land that in the locality comes from the 19th century. The disputes finally developed intopolicies, causing the disappearance of Buendía.
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Desfigurando la memoria: (des)atando los nudos de la memoria peruana
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) Milton, Cynthia E.
This article examines opposing currents in Peru’s collective memory of their bloody internal war (1980-2000) through an analysis of acts of vandalism perpetrated against one of the country’s few sites of memory, El ojo que llora, in Lima. ‘Vandalism’ in this article is understood as a form of writing (though a violent one) of an alternative vision of the past. Originally intended as a space for remembering and paying homage to the victims of the armed conflict, the site has become a space for contesting memories. As a site of performance of memory and human rights claims, and especially as the target of continued defacement, El ojo que llora has become a stage on which the presence of the past —in its still-conflictual strains— is made visible for national and international publics. It thus refuses the very closure that government narratives would impose, and thereby keeps open public engagement with the past. The ongoing conflicts over the past made visible at this site point to the struggles to define an overarching memory, and in the processthe very meaning of ‘victim’ is constrained.
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Dossier: Memoria y violencia política. Una presentación
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) Ulfe, María Eugenia; Pereyra Chávez, Nelson E.
Presentation of the dossier on memory and political violence.
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Elementos para pensar la agencia indígena: actores, contextos y procesos de cambio entre los grupos guaraníes (s. XVII)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-03) Perusset, Macarena
At the multiethnic and multicultural colonial Paraguay’s space, some people played a central role as intermediaries between different cultural traditions. Within this context, in the reducciones de indios emerged a new kind of actors who displayed a diversity of strategies in order to preserve indigenous welfare as self-profit. These were the guaraní leaders, a kind of cultural bridges as well as political and economic agents because of the daily practices they play in thecolonial society.
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Historia y memoria campesina: silencios y representaciones sobre la lucha por la tierra y la represión en Ongoy
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) Chati, Guido
This article argues that there are social spaces in Peru where alternative memories about the political violence that took place between 1980 and 2000 are produced. In Andahuaylas, Apurímac, recurrent narratives tell about servitude in the hacienda, peasant mobilization for the restitution of their land, land occupation and its violent repression. A victorious memory of the land occupation exists alongside of an oppressive memory of internal war. Yet these representations have been silenced by official studies on memory, which are now so fashionable.In Ongoy, Andahuaylas, in the guise of a conflict between communities and hacienda, there are peasant’s political practices in relation with respect to the state. Peasants developed association networks with state institutions, trade unions, students, migrants, political parties and others to seek the restitution of their land. They gathered documents which they use in support of their memory and seniority in the territory. These show that the struggle for land that culminated in 1963 with the occupation of land, the slaughter of peasants and repression, has colonial origins. These are stories and memories that reconstruct the land struggle as a heroic act and overlap with other more recent representations of political violence. To analyze the process, events in Ongoy between 1960 and 1969 are reconstructed in dialog with the peasants gathered documents and testimonies of the actors on how events are reinterpreted after political violence.
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Imágenes de la violencia. Los retos de la justicia transicional y su costo emocional
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-03) Velázquez, Tesania; Seminario, Evelyn; Jave, Iris
The present article reports on preliminary results of a research inthe psychosocial impact of transitional justice in Peru, after ten years of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Committee - TRC. Its general objective was to learn about the perceptions on transitional justice processes, particularly in the case of the TRC in Peru. Graphics and discursive materials that account for individual and collective narrative of direct and no direct victims in Huamanga were analyzed, which were obtained as part of a larger study on the psychosocial impact of the Truth and Reconciliation Committee - CVR. The results suggest that there are different expe- riences of violence that are characterized by being recurrent and continuous in time despite transitional justice processes and that the processes have emotional costs but also benefits that allow us to build democratic coexistence in a society.
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Un lugar para los shawi en la historia de Maynas
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-03) González Saavedra, María Luisa
This text aims to make a compilation of the news about the Shawifound in written sources concerning the History of Maynas. Its purpose is to approach a society already portrayed in the sixteen century from the standpoint of evangelization, considering now its anthropological perspective. Following the chronology of noteswritten by some of the Spanish conquistadors and missionaries who came to take over their land, we will draw the silhouette of a group that has reached our days by positioning itself in the shadow of its neighboring groups: on one hand, the Shiwilu, the model indig- enous group evangelized by the Jesuit order; secondly, the Awajun, who managed to keep their ‘paganism’, i.e., to remain their selves outside the mission boundaries. This apparent neutrality is what defines today the Shawi society: a society which identifies itself as indigenous and Christian at once.
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Memorias oficiales, memorias silenciadas en Ocros (Ayacucho, Perú). Reflexiones a partir de la conmemoración de una masacre senderista
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) Robin Azevedo, Valérie
The gathering of testimonials by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in the aftermath of the armed conflict opposing the Sendero Luminoso guerrilla and the Peruvian state has led to original socio-cultural dynamics around the local histories of the war. This article will focus on a carnival performance carried out in the Andean district of Ocros (Prov. of Huamanga), staging the massacres committed by the Sendero Luminoso and the struggle of the peasant militias. Beyond the commemoration of this episode, what are the issues and the objectives that underlie the performance? What view is given and what is left in silence, unsaid, by the actors in this type of unavoidably fragmentary ‘writing’ of the history of violence? Analyzing both the choreographic and the narrative production concerning the war, we will address the strategic uses they give rise to. Finally, we will focus on the way in which different memories compete and articulate to one another, so as to determine the mechanisms of legitimation and the competitive logics at playin these public projections of recent history.
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«No matarás ni con hambre ni con balas». Las mujeres de los comedores populares autogestionarios en El Agustino durante la violencia política
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) Minaya Rodríguez, Jacqueline
The self-managed people’s kitchens (CPA) have more than thirty five years of existence since 1978. They are led by brave women who live in a poor, inmigrant and courageous Lima. They struggled with the state for their rights and demands for basic services and food policies. These women made home topics into declared public policies and were able to bear through the economic crisis of the 80s and part of the 90s, showing a highly effective way of organization in a very difficult period. In that very complex context they were able to get along with members of Sendero Luminoso (SL) who entered the shanty towns to «exacerbate contradictions» and applied their war strategies in the name of «justice».This investigation traces the trajectories of former leaders of the CPAs from the district of El Agustino, and presents their testimonies on the political violence that they lived between 1978 and 1992, and on their difficult relations with the State. This coexistence produced a very complex texture of thin threads, where living in proximitywhile keeping distance from SL were part or a more complex process.
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Ossio, Juan. El Tahuantinsuyo bíblico: Ezequiel Ataucusi Gamonal y el mesianismo de los Israelitas del Nuevo Pacto Universal. Lima: Biblioteca Nacional del Perú, 2014. 400 pp.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-03) Huerta-Mercado, Alexander
No presenta resumen
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Portocarrero, Gonzalo (ed.). Perspectivas sobre el nacionalismo en el Perú. Lima: Red para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales en el Perú, 2014. 319 pp.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-03) Branca, Domenico
No presenta resumen
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Testimonio y secretos de un pasado traumático: los ‘tiempos del peligro’ en el arte visual de Sarhua
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) González, Olga
This article discusses the fate of dangerous memories of war associated with the “internal armed conflict” in Peru. It focuses on the Andean community of Sarhua in Ayacucho and their experiences with political violence as depicted in a collection of paintings, Piraq Causa (Who Is Still to Blame?). A close examination of this visual testimonio reveals that some dangerous memories have been denied representation. I suggest that these become silences and absences that give expression to a “traumatic gap”, which includes memories of fratricidal violence and the community’s initial endorsement of the Maoist Shining Path. I argue that Piraq Causa reflects the magnified secrecy around events that the community agreed to deliberately “remember to forget”. In so doing, I also propose that the perceived gaps in the pictorial narrative provoke the unmasking of what is “secretly familiar” in Sarhua. To that extent, Piraq Causa exposes as much as it affirms the secrecy around traumatic memories of war.