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La antropología amazónica de cara a la cuarta revolución industrial
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Santos Granero, Fernando
In this article, which reproduces the keynote talk presented in September 2019 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Amazonian Anthropology course at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, the author proposes that, from the decade of 2010, Amazonian indigenous peoples have been faced with a new wave of change, this time linked to what the economist Klaus Schwab (2016) has called the «fourth industrial revolution». Its objective is not, however, to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new industrial revolution, but to explore what are the new directions that Amazonian anthropology could take in the light of this new wave of change. To this end, the author explores six major lines of research, proposing for each of them a series of questions aimed at promoting or guiding future research.
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El concepto de racionalidad en los estudios sociales agrarios
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Liceaga, Gabriel
In this paper we question the concept of rationality providing a possible use of it in social agrarian studies and economic anthropology. First, we theoretically clarify the path by relating and distinguishing at the same time two concepts: «modern rationality» and «economic rationality». Afterwards, we present some theoretical-methodological mediation that allows a categorical use of those concepts. Then, we elaborate some epistemological reflections on this matter. As a conclusion, we review our main contributions, emphasizing the link between general concerns, linked to the development of Modernity, with some of its historical embodiments in the agrarian order and economic anthropology.
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El discurso en los proyectos culturales de la música latinoamericana: de la nueva canción a la canción social en Colombia
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Katz-Rosene, Joshua; Castelblanco, Daniel
In this article, I follow the discourses elaborated around música latinoamericana («Latin American music»), a broad musical category encompassing a wide range of Latin American —but especially Andean— folk genres within successive, interrelated «cultural projects». I examine the extra-musical meanings attributed to this stylistic mode in the nueva canción (new song) movements of protest music in the Southern Cone, the transnational nueva canción latinoamericana (Latin American New Song) network to which they gave rise, and ultimately focus on música latinoamericana’s development in Colombia. During the mid 1970s, the initial Colombian practitioners of música latinoamericana adopted several facets of the discourse pertaining to this music along with the musical models themselves from nueva canción latinoamericana. However, they later reined claims about the style’s significance, its distinctiveness from other musical genres, and its political symbolism to fit changing cultural contexts in the cities of the Colombian interior. I argue that the discursive «work» undertaken in these cultural projects has ensured that música latinoamericana continues to be equated with antiestablishment politics in Colombia, and hence that it remains closely tied to canción social («social song»), the present-day category for socially conscious music.
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Los efectos de estado de la política pública ambiental en territorios indígenas
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Biffi Isla, Valeria
Based on the implementation of a forest conservation program in indigenous communities analyze how the indigenous population understands the state as an environmental ruling institution and how they perform as users of public policy. The results of this ethnographic study suggest that the implementation of this scheme of economic incentives for conservation generates a weak connection of the state as an environmental institution but reinforces the role of the state as a provider of development opportunities. With this scheme, the indigenous population has constructed alternative interpretations of forest conservation as an asset to attract future development opportunities and of economic incentives as rewards and tips. The main state effect of the program is the bureaucratisation of communities to adapt then to the state ideal of installing an audit culture.
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Historia y disponibilidad de sal en el Bajo Huallaga. Formas de apropiación de una mina de sal en una comunidad kichwa
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Valderrama Zevallos, Miguel
This article explores the links between the Kichwa of the Comunidad Nativa Callanayaku (Bajo Huallaga) and the salt mine of the same name, based on what they say about its use in the past. The stories about the history of this mine highlight several interactions between the Kichwa of Callanayaku with foreign people (employees of a tax company, indigenous people from other indigenous groups, merchants, health personnel) through the circulation of salt, especially commercial exchange. The availability of salt for all these groups is explained by the people in Callanayaku through the control over social relationships in trade networks and the distribution of salt.
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Introducción. Visiones de San Martín y territorios vividos en la Amazonía andina
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Biffi, Valeria; Chaparro, Anahí
No presenta resumen
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Participación comunitaria en el mecanismo Transferencias Directas Condicionadas del Programa Bosques
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Palacios, Grace
Chirikyacu, Chunchiwi, and Chirik Sacha, located in the San Martin region (Peru), are indigenous communities affiliated with the National Program of Forest Conservation for Climate Change Mitigation. The three communities approved the implementation of the Conditional Direct Transfer Mechanism (TDC, acronym in Spanish) as a financial tool for primary forest conservation. This research characterizes the participation of the beneficiaries from the type of involvement and participation size along the TDC execution, identifying drivers that facilitate and limit the participation of the beneficiaries’ minority.Minorities, as in any society, have access to fewer opportunities. In the three communities, I found larger minority groups (such as women) than others with less population (such as monolingual), as well as gender norms accepted in the communities, which limit the minority groups from personally growing and learning. With the inputs of 86% of the Program’s beneficiary families, I identified a non-complimentary gender system in most of the program’s activities, which is also dominant in the most favored group in the communities.In conclusion, the major minority group can increase the participants size, from the opportunities that allow the gender complementarity current in each community (internal driver) and the gender approach that the Program incorporates (external driver).
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Protegiendo los derechos de propiedad intelectual y el conocimiento ecológico tradicional: una mirada crítica a la Ley 27811 del Perú
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Hak Hepburn, Michelle L.
The Peruvian government’s Law N. 27811, an intellectual property law passed in 2002 and designed to register and protect tradItional knowledge, provides productive opportunities for critical analysis. Framed within the trajectory of international intellectual property rights and discussions that complicate the integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) into Cartesian scientific frameworks, this paper critically examines how the Peruvian law has been implemented and its impacts in Indigenous communities, particularly in the Andean Amazon region. The analysis is based on the author’s work assisting Indigenous communities in San Martin register their knowledge through this law. While the law represents an advanced legal attempt to address power inequalities, it remains problematic. It does not address the impoverishment of Indigenous Peoples and continues to subordinate Indigenous TEK to Cartesian science. Although it is a symbolic recognition of the value of Peruvian Indigenous Peoples, other mechanisms are still required to redress the long history of colonization and racism.
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Redes territoriales: relaciones de crianza kichwa lamista y San Martín como «región verde»
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Chaparro, Anahí
This article presents an exercise of symmetric anthropology, following the paths proposed by Latour (1994), comparing two networks - not disconnected from each other – that are linked by different ways of knowing: that of the relationships that constitute the territory of «San Martín, región verde» and that of the Kichwa Lamista nurture relationships, departing from Alto Pucalpillo community. The interest of this article is to approach the bonds that this knowledge activates through its effects, its ways of constituting subjects and producing the territory. On one hand, the intertwining between humans, plants, animals and other beings that share the same environment, as subjects with agency, affections and their own will, forms a network of care, not without tension. On the other hand, the network of actors that participate in the conservation of the “green region” relates to the territory as an objective reality from which it can extract a truth. From a technical-scientific knowledge conceived as neutral, they create maps that define borders in space and between what is legal and what is illegal, at the same time that they question the condition of native communities as subjects of rights. With this, the author does not intend to affirm that there aren’t intersections between de two networks, but rather the need to direct ourselves towards a nutritive coexistence.
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Ricardo Valderrama Fernández, etnógrafo de las sociedades quechuas del sur andino peruano (1945-2020)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Salas Carreño, Guillermo
No presenta resumen
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Saberes campesinos para la crianza de la papa en las comunidades aimaras del altiplano, Puno
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Inquilla Mamani, Juan; Apaza Ticona, Jorge
The purpose of this article is to offer an analysis of the ancestral knowledge of the Aimara about the nurturing of the potato crop, and to identify the different forms of conversations with the agroecosystemic signs. The methodological perspective is ethnographic and qualitative, based on face to face interview technique and participant observation. The results of the research show that, in the Andean communities of Puno, the breeding of the potato is closely linked to climate behavior, therefore, the conversations with the agroecosystemic signs, is constant in response to the different stages of the agricultural cycle.
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«La sangre no puede mentir». Entre una concepción genético-estratégica del territorio y una manera relacional de ver el mundo
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Volpi, Laura
Kichwa indigenous people of the Peruvian Amazon Forest are facing a territorial conflict due to the establishment of a Regional Conservation Area on their homelands. In order to question the legitimacy of native claims, the Regional Government puts forward the hypothesis of the Andean kichwa migration. On the other hand, several cultural mediators hope to help this native people, using some biomolecular investigations (Sandoval et al., 2016; Barbieri et al., 2017) that «scientifically» certify its ancestral relationship with the surrounding territories. This article wants to examine the existing misunderstandings about the concepts of «ancestry» and «territory» whose meaning, in the native sphere, overcomes limits imposed by national jurisdiction and legal terminology. Despite having assimilated an ancestral-genetic discourse, several indigenous leaders reshape it in light of a native conception of territory, perceived as a complex network of present and active relationships between living people and ancestors.