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Contratos que hacen referencia a los rivales y el bien jurídico protegido por la libre competencia
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-26) Ybar Abad, Mario
The analysis of vertical restraints has been carried out mainly through a weighting, case by case, of its anticompetitive effects and likely efficiencies. This is a natural consequence of the conception of competition law as a means to promote consumer welfare and economic efficiency.However, in recent years, a different view has gained strength in the Chilean Supreme Court, according to which, the main goal of competition law is to safeguard the freedom to compete in the market.Given this new approach, the analysis of a particular type of vertical agreements takes on special relevance: contracts that refer to rivals, since, by their very nature, they limit the freedom of third parties external to the agreement.This document analyses the main contracts that refer to rivals, their potential effects on the markets and how its analysis could be subject to changes as the pendulum swings from a competition law aimed at protecting consumer welfare –as currently widely understood– towards a competition law which main goal is to protect the freedom to compete.
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Editorial
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-26) Ramos Flores, Jazmin; Martínez Saravia, Diego; De la Torre Cachay, Arnold
No presenta resumen.
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Metaverso y Propiedad Intelectual
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-26) León y León, Gustavo
The idea of the article is to analyze the problems that Intellectual Property must face in the areas of Trademark Law, Inventions and Copyright in the metaverse, that is, in the virtual universe where human beings interact socially and economically as avatars through software in cyberspace. Glimpsing a strong and accelerated raise of the so-called Web3, important companies such as Facebook, Inc., have opted to change their name and direct all their future developments towards the growth of the metaverse that they consider to be the next step in the social connections. However, this virtual universe entails several challenges to Intellectual Property since the legal systems conceived for the physical world cannot always be faithfully adapted to the virtual environment.
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Presentación
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-26) Taboada Pajuelo, Alexia
No presenta resumen.
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Desafíos del Derecho de la Competencia Ecuatoriano, luego del Examen Inter-pares de la OCDE y el BID
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-26) Pérez Ordóñez, Diego; Regalado Mantilla, Eduardo
The Peer Review assessment by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, in collaboration with the Inter-American Development Bank, was a valuable effort to submit the Ecuadorian competition regime to a multilateral peer review. The evaluation revealed opportunities for improvement which constitute relevant challenges to develop the Ecuadorian competition law and policy.We will analyze some of the main findings. We will begin with an explanation of the constitutional basis of the Ecuadorian competition regime. Then, we will review the Report regarding the institutional bodies. We will present a state-of-the-art of enforcement function and judicial review. Subsequently, we will analyze the main comments regarding merger control. Finally, we state conclusions.
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Los acuerdos de cooperación entre competidores y su análisis bajo la ley de represión de conductas anticompetitivas
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-26) Gonzales Cucho, José Carlos
This article identifies current scenarios of cooperation between competitors, in which risks of anticompetitive behaviors derived from practices such as the sharing of sensitive information, the establishment of prices at certain levels of the production chain, among others, may occur. Likewise, it seeks to deepen the commercial reasons that motivate these alliances between competitors.Additionally, the response by various competition agencies in the world to this type of practice will be analyzed, especially in the context derived from the COVID-19 pandemic.Finally, based on comparative experience and specialized doctrine, the criteria that Indecopi should follow to assess the legality of this kind of agreement will be proposed.
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Aplicación del régimen de control de concentraciones en la adquisición de sociedades registradas en el Registro Público del Mercado de Valores a través de la Bolsa de Valores de Lima
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-26) Santiváñez Seminario, Roberto J.; Maeda Morales, Guido M.
This paper discusses the considerations for compliance with antitrust regulation in the transfer of control in the secondary market of the Stock Market by means of the transfer of shares through the Lima Stock Exchange. The analysis considers the relevant aspects of the applicable regulation, previous rulings by the competition authority and the information of the stock exchange transactions and Public Tender Offers that have been made public through the web site of the Securities Market Authority.
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Evolución del rol y funciones de las marcas frente a los desafíos del mercado y del consumidor
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Quadrio, Iris V.; Canese, Verónica M.
The role of brands has evolved in the past decade more than ever before in history. Market and consumers’ demands, changes in diversity and inclusion, sustainability, and the environment challenge the concept of brands that we learnt. Nowadays, brands are required a less neutral position in the face of political and social changes, and they are expected to reflect values. We are interested in exploring this new scenario, discuss the traditional functions of brands, analyse how they impact on trademarks, and to what extent it is possible to adequately protect distinctive signs.
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Conversatorio: Efectos de la ley de concentraciones a un año de su vigencia
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Falla, Alejandro; Quintana, Eduardo; Zambrano, Omaira; Velarde, Sebastián
No presenta resumen.
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Las marcas en la industria del cannabis: reflexiones sobre sus particularidades
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Camargo Williamson, Helena
The legal cannabis industry has been, and will continue to be, growing rapidly. An industry of this size brings with it many challenges, within which the protection of intellectual property is not indifferent. In the area of trademark protection, very characteristic questions arise. In this sense, this article will determine, on the one hand, whether trademarks indicating or evoking cannabis, or containing the representation of the cannabis plant, are registrable, or whether on the contrary they should be denied in order to be contrary to the law, morals and good costumes. On the other hand, it will be considered whether it is possible to grant brands for cannabis products of any kind in those countries where their use is only allowed for medicinal purposes, or whether the granting of these distinctive signs should be restricted to Class 5 of the Nice International Classification.Finally, the article will determine the relationship between the brands that protect cannabis products, the obligation of use and the grounds for exemption from use by force majeure.
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La mala fe y la competencia desleal en el registro marcario: análisis comparado a partir de la Decisión 486
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Bassino Pinasco, Manlio; Jimenez Garay, Andrea
In this paper, the relationship between unfair competition and intellectual property regulation will be analyzed, focusing on the application of Article 137 of Decision 486. Hence, firstly, bad faith and unfair competition as unregistrability provisions of trademarks will be conceptually analyzed; secondly, the application in Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru in the last years of said Article will be assessed; and, thirdly, the pre-judiciary interpretations issued by the Court of Justice of the Andean Community will be reviewed. Considering the above, it can be concluded and established the "jurisprudential requirements" for the application of Article 137 of Decision 486; as well as, the challenges faced by the owner of an intellectual property right to activate its application.
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Información, publicidad y engaño
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Jaeckel Kovács, Jorge; Montoya Naranjo, Claudia
This article addresses the notion of consumer deception. It also discusses the differences between information and advertising as forms of commercial communication, as well as the difference between these concepts and the constitutional freedom of expression and opinion, which does not necessarily imply communicating for commercial purposes or to influence consumer decisions. Since advertising, information and opinion are different categories of communication, their legal challenge requires a different evidentiary exercise. Advertising allows objective and subjective statements, while information is restricted to the use of objective statements. Ih this line, it is concluded that advertising can not be evaluated based on the standards and requirements of information and vice versa.
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¿Riesgo de confusión o riesgo de complicación?
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Barreda, Gonzalo
The article will be a critique of our trademark legislation, which, in pursuit of consumer protection that is practically nonexistent, disregards the wishes of trademark holders, thereby generating unnecessary litigation and costs for all parties, including the Authority itself. The current legislation obligates the Authority to reject ex officio the registration of trademarks that are considered, at the discretion of the Authority, to be confusingly similar to previously registered marks, even when the holder of the “protected” mark does not believe that the requested mark infringes on their rights. This is problematic because, first of all, it generates unnecessary negative consequences. For example, it forces parties to initiate lawsuits that they do not want, it affects investments because trademarks are registered to be used, so an unnecessarily rejected mark implies a delay in the entry of a business into the market, or it generates disinterest in the entrepreneur who was going to enter the Peruvian market, and it prevents alternative forms of conflict resolution, such as arbitration, from being considered. Secondly, the purpose that would justify such negative consequences, consumer protection, is not achieved in reality because, for example, the rejected mark can still exist in the market, authorized by the holder of the registered mark (the mark on the basis of which the Authority ex officio rejected the registration of the mark).
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Entrevista: Impacto de la Ley Nº 31040 en el Programa de Clemencia del Indecopi
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Falla, Alejandro
No presenta resumen.
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Entrevista: Los desafíos de los mercados digitales para el Derecho de la Competencia
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Quintana, Eduardo
No presenta resumen.
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Un análisis práctico de la reforma de la Unión Europea de su Reglamento de exención por categorías de acuerdos verticales y directrices sobre acuerdos verticales
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Guerra Fernández, Antonio; Doumont, François
The entry into force in June 2022 and for the next twelve years of the new Vertical Block Exemption Regulation (RECAV) and the Guidelines on vertical restraints affect the determination of the anti-competitive or pro-competitive nature of vertical agreements and the possibility of benefit from regulatory safeguard exemptions. This reform carried out by the European Commission is the first regulatory exercise of such magnitude on vertical restraints in response to the rise of marketplaces and e-commerce platforms. It also takes into account political priorities such as digital transition and sustainability. Among the main amendments include the different delimitation of particularly severe restrictions related to the internet, parity obligations, non-compete clauses and the determination of the selling price. On the other hand, significant changes have taken place in the criteria applicable to different models of distribution agreements. Moreover, provisions on online intermediation service providers and sustainability objectives have also been introduced.
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Fundamentos de la intervención estatal en materia de competencia, consumidor, propiedad intelectual y datos personales
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Alterwain, Alejandro
The author analyzes the foundations that enable the State to design and enforce certain regulations, particularly the competition law, consumer protection, intellectual property and the protection of personal data. The author reviews the market failures that justify state intervention through such regulations. The author seeks to show the convenience of using market failures for the determination of the objective scope of each of said regulations and the jurisdiction of the state agencies with competence in same. The author ends the study with conclusions and some suggestions for the determination of the law and jurisdiction for the case that it is preliminarily identified that the alleged infraction seeks to exploit more than one market failure.
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Entrevista: La función de los programas de cumplimiento en contra de las prácticas anticompetitivas
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Espinoza, Jesús
No presenta resumen.
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Derecho al olvido: Uruguay a la vanguardia de la Protección de Datos Personales
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Cervieri, Virginia; Monsuárez, Pablo; Torres, Daniel; Larumbe, Facundo
The authors develop a detailed legal framework and scope of the right to erasure in Uruguayan and international legislation, as it is a right that guarantees the protection of personal data, especially in the digital context. In this regard, the authors analyze international legal cases to determine the role of search engines in the treatment of personal data. They also explain how the application of the right to erasure does not affect other rights. Finally, the authors emphasize the importance of using the right to erasure in relation to search engines to ensure adequate protection of personal data.
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Reforma al régimen de sanciones por la violación de las normas de libre competencia en Colombia: Análisis de la ley 2195 de 2022
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-08-08) Miranda Londoño, Alfonso; Morales Hernández, Luis Daniel
This paper contains a detailed analysis of the reforms introduced by Ley 2195/2022 into antirust regulation in Colombia. For this purpose, the background of Ley 2195 of 2022 is analyzed in detail, which is a transparency and anti-corruption law, that was modificated in the sanctions regime contained in Ley 1340 of 2009. In this regard, we made a critical assessment of the increase of the sanctioning capacity for the performance of restrictive practices of competition and the way in which such power has evolved since the publication of Ley 155 of 1959 until today.