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Análisis de los principales elementos de la sentencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia en el caso de la controversia marítima (Perú c. Chile) a la luz de las posiciones de las partes
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-20) Moscoso de la Cuba, Pablo
On January 27, 2014 the International Court of Justice, principal judicial organ of the United Nations ruled in the case of the maritime dispute (Peru v. Chile), being Peru the one that brought forth the case in January 2008. During the proceedings in Court, the parties presented fundamentally different positions on the existence of a maritime boundary between them and how the Court should proceed solving the dispute. The Court should have considered the multiple legal reasonings presented by the States parties over the years to arrive to its ruling. Particularly, some of the legal reasonings presented by Peru were accepted by the Court and considered in the ruling, beginning from the interpretation given to the proclamations of Peru and Chile in 1947, going through the reasonings Peru presented about the 1952 Santiago Declaration (It was the main topic presented by Chile, which was discarded by the Court) until the reasoning presented by Peru saying that the 1954 Special Maritime Frontier Zone Agreement didn’t create a zone of tolerance that extends to 200 nautical miles. However, the Court considered that in the 1954 agreement the parties accepted the existence of a tacit agreement, but this existence was not presented by them in the Court even though it has a legal support in the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice. Then, the Court had to determine the extent of the tacit agreement, a very difficult duty because the parties hadn’t considered the existence of that situation and its extension. After establishing the implied legal agreement was for 80 nautical miles along a parallel of latitude, the Court proceeded to establish a maritime boundary applying thoroughly the rules and principles of maritime delimitation presented by Peru, which applied to the case determine the presence of an equidistant line. In relation to the starting-point of the maritime boundary, the Court didn’t use the point presented by Peru but, in a correct way, made it clear that the starting-point of the maritime boundary and the starting-point of the land boundary don’t have to match necessarily. Finally, the way how the Court established the maritime boundary recognizes, with no doubt, that the area previously named “outer triangle” belongs to Peru, as this country claimed and as Chile opposed repeatedly over the years. In summary, it is a decision based on International Law and adopted under the evidence presented in Court. The Court applied and confirmed various legal arguments presented by Peru during the process, in spite of the opposing position of Chile.
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Los avances más recientes en la protección de los derechos humanos del grupo LGBTI en el ámbito interamericano
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-20) Negro Alvarado, Dante Mauricio
The text describes the main progress in depicting the LGBTI topic in the Inter-American area. It begins with the analysis of some conceptual issues that are crossed to the topic and discuss the importance of including political commitments and statements in the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly of OAS (Organization of American States) related to the LGTBI community protection. Even though, a few cases have gone to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, some landmark cases have deserved the Inter-American Court of Human Rights opinion. This produces an interesting case law on the matter. Finally, the text covers the latest Inter-American Convention on human rights adopted by the General Assembly of OAS in 2013, which includes the LGBTI community. That Conventionconstitutes the first regional treaty in force on the matter.
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¿Cómo funciona el derecho de aguas a 3300 m.s.n.m.?
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-20) Guevara Gil, Armando
The authorities in charge of managing our Andean basins work in unimaginable water-powered landscapes from the Peruvian legislator point of view. They should generate and apply peculiar mechanisms. Why? Because the national legislator is traditionally positioned on the coast, a region very different to the Andean highlands and punas. The use of ethnographic evidence coming from a drainage basin in the Central Andes (Mantaro River, Junin) lets me depict in detail how public officers appeal to mechanisms of location, adaptation and regulation in order to adjust the official regulations, to cover the needs of the farming organizations of watering, and to affirm their positions as representatives of the Peruvian government. The consequence is that they exceed and also violate the regulatory channels that control their administrative functions. In this way, they incorporate a new function to their official position, that is, to develop peculiar administrative patterns to process the tightness between the inflexibility of the State Water Right and the demands of recognition and balance that the andean watering organizations propose to the Government.
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Consideraciones climáticas sobre los convenios internacionales de relevancia ambiental
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-20) Foy Valencia, Pierre
In the first part we introduce what we consider the main features of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (CMCC) and its context, in terms of prejuridical issues about climate diplomacy and general considerations about this convention. In the second part, we discuss some references in order to show the synergies between the international agreements and the CMCC and some other more specific legal instruments.
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Consideraciones generales sobre los límites del control judicial del debido proceso en los procedimientos desarrollados ante las comisiones investigadoras del Congreso de la República
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-21) Landa Arroyo, César
In the last years, there is a gradually participation of the Judicial Branch in the Congress competences and functions to supervise and inquire into issues of public interest. As a result, it has questioned the separation of powers principle. In that context, this article focuses on analyzing what the judicial supervision limits of the due process in the procedures before the inquiry commissions in the Congress are.
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La Corte Internacional de Justicia en el diferendo entre Perú y Chile
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-20) Méndez Chang, Elvira
This paper analyses the international obligation of solving disputes peacefully and the International Court of Justice role as a jurisdictional means of the United Nations in solving disputes. From this point, it analyses the Court role in the last years and its work solving territorial and maritime disputes, for example, the one between Peru and Chile. It presents an interesting study of the international obligations that led Peru and Chile solve the dispute peacefully and the advantages and disadvantages of it. Finally, it presents the main challenges that arise from turning to the International Court of Justice.
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Criminal compliance en el derecho penal peruano
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-21) Clavijo Jave, Camilo
First, this work proposes a study of the origin, elements and application of the Compliance Program or, also named, Regulatory Compliance Program. The aforementioned program is understood as an internal device that corporations use not only to comply with the current legislation but also to prevent and detect legal violations they could be found in or as part of the activities they carry out.Second, it tries to explain and develop the connection between, on one hand, the new risks in the financial and technological development and, on the other hand, Criminal Law as a protective body of important legal assets for society. The aim is to analyze Criminal Compliance to get the corporationto manage its activities under current legislation, especially Criminal Law.In this regard, it enlarges the sectoral developments based on the Peruvian Government’s implementation of the the Compliance Program in the legal framework.Finally, it analyzes the impact of Criminal Compliance in the criminal legal framework. For that end, it refers to the criminal liability system in Peru and in what way it impacts on the application of Criminal Compliance.
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La dictadura en la República romana clásica como referente paradigmático del régimen de excepción constitucional
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-21) Siles Vallejos, Abraham
The starting point of the article is the idea that the original model of state of emergency government established to save the Constitution can be found in the Classical Roman Republic. It makes the characteristics of this institution to be analyzed. Institution that has founded an intellectual ‘tradition’ in the political and legal Western thought. The study also comments the characteristics that distinguish the “Roman dictatorship” as a concept that lightens the theoretical options of people who worry about the constitutional emergencies and the powers to set against.
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Editorial. Derecho PUCP; Núm. 73 (2014) Derecho Internacional: Crisis, Temas en Debate y Solución de Controversias
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-20) Siles Vallejos, Abraham
No presenta resumen
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El equilibrio interamericano entre pluralidad de información y concentración de medios
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-20) Lovatón Palacios, David
Freedom of speech as a basic right is the starting point of the article. The Inter-American legal framework contributes pondering on the importance plurality and the vast array of information have in the validity of this right and democracy in general. This consideration is done from the standards given by the Commission reports and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights case law. The article ponders on how and how much the exercise of freedom of speech right is affected by the excessive concentrationof personal property and control over the media.
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La falta de criterios dentro del ordenamiento jurídico peruano respecto del concepto de «originalidad» aplicado a la protección de los derechos de autor sobre imágenes fotográficas
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-21) Chávez Gutierrez, Wendy Elizabeth
In our legal system, Copyright Law confers protection to authentic photographies and due to this feature, they are considered photographic works. Nevertheless, authorities have not given enough information of what a photography requires to be considered authentic. On account of this, the shortcomings of our related rules are evaluated to determine which foreign legislation gives a better referent, and to analyze the different views given to the authenticity concept by doctrine and case law. All of this with the purpose of determining specific criteria to qualify a photography as authentic and protected by Copyright Law, and proposing changes in our current legislationon the matter.
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La filosofía analítica de Uberto Scarpelli. Del análisis del lenguaje valorativo a los principios de la bioética
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-21) Zorzetto, Silvia
It is a biographical article about Uberto Scarpelli and its main aim is to give a philosophical scheme of Scarpelli, commenting the most important aspects of his life, his main works and the itinerary of his thought. The article depicts as a transversal idea that for Scarpelli there is no side study between philosophy and the General Theory of Law; quite the contrary, both of them are always in complete joining and mutual feedback. That is the reason why the article shows a scarpellian sight of language analysis, epistemology, ethical deliberation and General Theory of Law.
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La «Guía de Principios sobre Responsabilidad Social de las Empresas» elaborada por el Comité Jurídico Interamericano de la OEA
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-20) Novak Talavera, Fabián
This paper presents the grounds that supported the Inter-AmericanJudicial Committee of the OAS to make and pass the “Guide of Principles on Corporative Social Responsibility in the Human Rights and Environmentareas in America» in 2013.
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La inconstitucionalidad del artículo 6 de la Ley de Presupuesto del Sector Público para el año 2014 y de la Quincuagésima Octava Disposición Complementaria y Final de la Ley de Presupuesto para el año 2013
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-21) Prado Huayanay, Rubí
Collective bargaining is the main tool for harmonizing conflicts of interests in a working relationship. Restrictions to this right have become important in the Public Sector due to their intensive process when establishing. Prohibition of wage increases through collective bargaining has led the government work in the last 9 years. The Budget Laws for 2013 and 2014 have adopted provisions that endure this restriction. The following paper pretends to analyze these restrictions validity from the parameters given by the Constitution and the International Agreements on the matter.
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La inconveniencia del estándar de persona razonable en derecho penal
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-21) Pérez-León Acevedo, Juan Pablo
Following American legal sources, I argue that the use of the reasonable person standard in criminal law is inaccurate and unfair, and, therefore, inconvenient to evaluate human behaviour based on three arguments which address flaws of the standard under analysis. Firstly, this standard is by definition abstract, theoretical and general, not reflecting appropriately the person’s sensory and ideational perception of the situation. Secondly, the trend in American legislation and case-law is to apply, in criminal cases, e.g., self-defence, a hybrid criterion, which consists in the consideration of a person’s belief and the correspondence of such a belief to what a reasonable person would believe under the circumstances, as opposed to a purely objective standard. The principle of individual criminal culpability underlies this. Thirdly, the reasonable person standard imposes a sort of majority’s dictatorship by perpetuating a predominant culture disregarding the viewpoints from minority groups.
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La legalidad de la intervención en Malí
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-20) Saldarriaga Velásquez, Giuliana Stephanie
Due to the crisis lived in Mali since 2012, due to a non-international armed conflict between the government and different armed groups, the Security Council of the United Nations Organization declared that the situation in Mali constituted a threat to international peace and security. This led to the military intervention in Mali by France. This article aims to analyse the arguments with which the French government attempted to justify its intervention in order to determine if those arguments are legal or not.
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La moral ilumina al derecho común: teología y contrato (siglos XVI y XVII)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-21) Decock, Wim
Starting from fifty citations from primary sources, this article tries to summarize a recent doctoral thesis on the transformation of traditional ius commune contract law in moral theological treatises from the early modern Catholic world. Firstly, it will be shown how theologians borrowed from the Romano-canon legal tradition to develop moral doctrine. Secondly, this contribution will try to demonstrate that the traditional conception of contract was fundamentally changed in the works of the theologians. The conclusion will be that theologians developed a doctrine of contracts which redefined contract on the basis of the autonomy of the will, without remaining insensitive to the political, moral and spiritual context in which the homo viator tried to live a God-pleasing life.
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La posición oficial del Perú en torno a las zonas marítimas de la Convemar a partir del diferendo marítimo con Chile
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-20) Namihas, Sandra
The article purports to express how, in the course of and subsequent to the proceedings in The Hague, the Peruvian Government has defined the legal nature of its 200 miles of maritime domain, by assuming its compatibility with the maritime zones established by United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UnClos).
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El proceso en la literatura. Análisis de los aspectos jurídicos de tres obras emblemáticas: Los papeles póstumos del Club Pickwick, de Dickens; Billy Budd, de Melville; y La hoguera de las vanidades, de Tom Wolfe
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-21) Zolezzi Ibárcena, Lorenzo
The plots of Billy Budd and The Bonfire of the Vanities are organized entirely around a lawsuit. In The Pickwick Papers the trial is only a part, though an important one, of a series of related adventures in which the main characters of the novel participate. In the three novels there is a trial in which the accused is found guilty, although he is actually innocent. In The Posthumous Papers of the Club Pickwick, the author’s main purpose is to present the operation of the legal system, in which the modus operandi of unscrupulous lawyers, who rely only on cheating and deceiving methods, is atthe beginning of and determines the outcome of the lawsuit. In Billy Budd, an innocent is sentenced to death in order to preserve a supposed higher interest: the common good. In The Bonfire of the Vanities, political factors, personal interests, resentments and other worldly elements determine the outcome of the trial. In the three cases, the watchmaking mechanism that a lawsuit appears to be is completely overcome by factors outside it.
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La regulación de los precedentes administrativos en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2014-11-21) Cairampoma Arroyo, Alberto
The importance of providing equal treatment to citizens, and of the predictability of public administration in resolving their disputes or requests is undeniable. In this context, the administrative precedent is an important tool to achieve the aforementioned objectives, allowing the performance of Public Administrations to provide legal certainty and avoid arbitrary situations.