(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-01) Palomo, Federico
This paper explores the contribution of Portuguese Jesuit António Francisco Cardim’s work entitled Elogios, e ramalhete de flores borrifadocom o sangue dos religiosos da Companhia de Iesu (Roma 1646/Lisboa 1650) to laying the textual and visual foundation for the Society of Jesus’ discourse on, and representations of, martyrdom in the 16th and 17th centuries. The paper discusses first the circumstances of the preparation and circulation (in manuscript and print) of the volume for propaganda and spiritual education purposes. Additionally, in the light of the contemporaneous production on Japan, the paper explores the images used in the printed editions of the Elogios, especially their roots, their relation to the narrations, and the way in which images and text reflected a perception of martyrdom well ingrained in the Jesuit discourse.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-01) Ruiz de Gordejuela Urquijo, Jesús
This article discusses how Cadiz merchants conducted their trade with Peru during the transit from colonial to republican times. The basis for describing this brief but intense period is the unpublished correspondence of Francisco de Carranza, a direct witness of the events of that time. As a result of the difficulties that marked those years, merchants increasingly resorted to fraudulent practices like forging invoices or using fake certificates to introduce Spanish goods in Peru.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-01) Espinoza, Juan Miguel
This article analyzes gender stereotypes in the discourse of Lima’s Variedades magazine during its first stage (1908-1919), in a context of political and cultural modernization in Peru. The male and female role models promoted byVariedades were part of an inclusive discourse according to which all men and women could contribute to national progress, as long as they were willing to become «modern». The latter served to link modern values to local popular tradi- tions: while asserting the cultural superiority of the white (criollo) modernized elite, it opened possibilities for integrating the indigenous and Afro-descendant populations into national life.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-01) Aguirre, Rodolfo
This article explores the reasons behind the decision by the high clergy and the Crown to advocate a «self-support» policy for the parishes. For those powers, it was more convenient to allow parishes to raise their own revenues instead of finding new sources of income, which could erode tithe collections or put further pressure on the royal treasury, as suggested by some isolated voices during the fourth Mexican provincial council of 1771. However, the predominating trend was to induce the faithful to support their parishes.