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La accesibilidad como un nuevo derecho de la personalidad en Brasil: el Estatuto de la Persona con Discapacidad (ley 13.146/2015) y el daño moral que surge de la inaccesibilidad
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Silvestre, Gilberto Fachetti; Ramalho, Camila Villa Nova; Hibner, Davi Amaral
El artículo estudia algunos de los cambios producidos a partir de la entrada en vigencia de la ley 13.146/2015 (Estatuto de la Persona con Discapacidad). La ley comentada generó diversas alteraciones en el Código Civil brasileño, con el fin de considerar a la persona con deficiencia plenamente capaz para ejercer todos los actos de la vida civil y, así, protegerla por medio de la libertad a ella concedida. El presente estudio aborda la construcción histórica del tratamiento de la persona con deficiencia y tiene como enfoque principal la accesibilidad como derecho de la personalidad. Así, busca demostrar que la inaccesibilidad genera daño moral y permite la debida reparación civil. En la parte final, se ofrecen ejemplos para ilustrar lo afirmado.
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Análisis del beneficio fiscal a favor de la familia en los tributos cedidos en la España de las autonomías: periodo 2000-2015
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Náñez Alonso, Sergio
In the present article, the tax benefits present in the taxes assigned to the Spanish autonomous communities are analyzed; centering the study on those established in favor of the family. Initially, the analysis of the tax benefit carried out by other authors is studied. The concept of fiscal benefit is addressed, as well as the effects that derive from its establishment: equity, equal treatment and monetary allocation in the regulatory laws of each autonomous community and in its annual budgets. This is necessary in order to be able to carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis in the period under study, from 2000 to 2015. After that, it is also exposed how the tax benefits established in the autonomous communities generate inequalities between citizens in the same event or situation. We analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the differences generated, as well as the allocation in euros per inhabitant, year and autonomous community. Once the analysis described above has been carried out, we can show the great difference that exists between the autonomous communities when it comes to establishing tax benefits in favor of the family; establishing differences between territories and leaving inequality in the allocation visible through tax benefits in euros per inhabitant, year and autonomous community.
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Aportes para la comprensión de la arquitectura jurídica de la relación de consumo en el derecho brasilero
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Catalan, Marcos; Malheiros da Cunha Frota, Pablo
The Brazilian Consumer Protection and Defense Act has granted special protection to several categories. In doing so it has in fact recognized the stricto sensu, the bystander, and the collectively protected categories, further associating prospective protection to all those who may be reached by any number of commerce practices. It has also not waived rights of collective bargaining for consumer demands as fundamental rights. This article seeks to explore whether the current theoretical background that aims to categorize collectives as consumers is enough to deal with the issues within the field. Our hypothesis is that the current background is not sufficient given the need to overcome, through a complex hermeneutic approach, the answers proposed by the dogmatic perspective within consumer studies. Our approach seeks to critically analyze the juridical literature written on the topic in Brazil, mapping decisions written during the almost 30 years of effectivity of the Brazilian Consumer Protection and Defense Act, reviewing each of the current theories on the issue of consumer protection, and finally proposing an overarching theory of consumer protection.
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Las condiciones eximentes de responsabilidad administrativa en el Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo General y su incidencia en la legislación ambiental
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Neyra Cruzado, César Abraham
On the occasion of the recent legislative changes contained in the Ordered Text of law 27444, Law on General Administrative Procedure, the legal nature of the most recent exemptions of administrative liability is analyzed. Likewise, a count is made of the exemptions that already existed in the environmental legislation and how they had been operating; in order to see the points of contact between a subjective liability regime, based on guilt, and a relative, risk-based objective liability system.
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La constitucionalización del ordenamiento jurídico peruano: avances y obstáculos del proceso
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Alvites, Elena
This presentation is focused on advances and obstacles in the process of the constitutionalization of the Peruvian legal system, as it pertains to private law, labour law, and consumer protection, issues that have primarily been addressed by the Constitutional Court. The purpose of this exercise is to identify some of the strengths of this process, in broad strokes, mostly with regard to the protection of fundamental rights and their enforcement in relationships between private individuals. It also seeks to identify and reflect on —through two cases, one involving the protection of the right to collective bargaining, and the other involving the right to freedom of thought— the limits of constitutionalization, as a process and a result, in political relationships and decision-making.
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La importancia de la tópica en la renovación del sistema: el caso del derecho peruano y su sistema de precedentes
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Neme Villareal, Martha Lucía
This paper suggests reassessing the teachings of the Roman method of creation of law, based on the understanding of the ius as ars boni et aequi, which makes evident that the law has a practical purpose and, consequently, topics is the knowledge itself of the law, in which the centrality of the case is highlighted and the realization of justice in terms of what we would today call «effective protection of rights». The text argues that such an understanding presupposes the understanding of the dynamic nature of law, of its artificial nature as created by human beings and, therefore, perfectible, of the active role of the jurist in the construction of a more equitable right, which makes possible the realization of the balanced equality in the preservation of the values of reasonableness that good faith proposes, by considering the requirements of the case, in harmony with the principles that govern the system, in a permanent reconstruction of the balance between topic and system. In rethinking the application of law according to its nature, to the essential function of serving coexistence, and of making the values of a social State of Law a reality, the paper analyzes the experience of Peruvian jurisprudence in the «precedents» of the Supreme Court of Justice, examining several of its most emblematic judgments, under the perspective of topics and, in general, of the Roman method of creating the law.
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Indicadores PER y sostenibilidad en la normativa sobre bosques cultivados en Argentina
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Minaverry, Clara María
This paper is focused on the regulation and institutional development contrasts of planted forests at Northeast, Northwest and New Cuyo regions in Argentina, taking into consideration «traditional» and «extended» environmental sustainability principle parameters. It is important to add that this principle was highly exceeded by other environmental management paradigms, but they are not suitable to be applied to implanted forests regulations in Argentina. Also, it refers to the contribution provided by legal international instruments and regional regulations. One of the most original approaches of this research is that PER indicators (Pressure, Condition and Response) were applied and adjusted to the legal arena. Finally we can state that planted forests regulations focuses on a limited horizon of production maximization, highlighting economic and forests commercial activties.
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La mitigación de daños en la responsabilidad por incumplimiento contractual: breve análisis comparado en el derecho civil de Argentina y Perú
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Ugarte Mostajo, Daniel
The civil codes of Argentina and Perú are two of the few South American civil laws that, with different legal formulas, recognize on the creditor party a burden or duty of mitigate damages. On this basis, this paper aims to arrive, after a general approach to the duty or burden of mitigate damages in case of breach of contract, to a brief comparative analysis about the regulation that this figure has received in both civil codes, dealing with matters related not only to the structure and content of rules concerning this duty, but also to the juridical nature and foundations of the mitigation. All in order to stablish the existing similarities and differences between rules that incorporate the duty to mitigate damages in the civil codes of Argentina and Perú, the possibility of finding a common juridical foundation to both legislations, and the incidence of such a foundation in the interpretative scope of the rules mentioned.
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Ni dejar hacer ni dejar pasar: el compromiso de las instituciones bancarias peruanas frente al lavado de activos a través de la implementación de una metodología por riesgo
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Haza Barrantes, Antonio de la; Aguedo Huiza, Beatriz; Rosales Vicente, Melany
This article proposes the basic framework of what should be a methodology for identification and risk assessment in the prevention of money laundering for multiple operations companies, especially the banks that are part of the national financial system, with the objective of identifying those transactions that may be linked to asset laundering operations and should be subject to a suspicious transaction report to the Financial Intelligence Unit of Peru. At the same time, it highlights the role of banks as part of the economic structure of society, since they are the representative entities of the financial system, which is why they support people’s confidence in the integrity of the system. In this sense, the risk-based approach is analyzed from the perspective of a banking company, so that, in accordance with national and international regulations, they can reinforce the methodology for risk identification and evaluation, based mainly on the principle «know your costumer».
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Notas sobre algunos principios generales del derecho: una reflexión a partir de principios generales y su influencia en las obligaciones en la experiencia jurídica colombiana
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Chamie, José Félix
This paper is intended to address in a synthetic way but with recent citations of the doctrine and jurisprudence some general principles of law, in order to contribute to the systematization, content, and affirmation of the general principles of law, and so, achieve the goal of a better law, the development of legal science and the progress of society. This paper makes particular emphasis on Colombian law, but it is projected as well inside the civil law tradition.
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Notas sobre la comunidad de bienes: reglas básicas y algunas cuestiones litigiosas
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Pérez Vallejo, Ana María
Situations in which there is a community of goods or rights have been the subject of a copious source of conflicts. The theme proposed in this study, intends to analyze the ordinary community pro indiviso, figure clearly defined in the Spanish Civil Code (articles 392 to 406). However, these basic rules that order the relations between comuneros, co-owners or condominiums, although they are of an apparently simple approach, are complex from a practical perspective. The diversity of nuances to consider usually generates controversial issues, which will be addressed from a doctrinal and jurisprudential point of view. It is not the object of this paper to establish definitive conclusions, but to show some notes on the reality and practical application of the rules that discipline this old institution, which is at the service and solves daily problems in legal traffic.
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El origen de la «parte general» del derecho privado brasileño
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Schmidt, Jan Peter
El antiguo Código Civil brasileño de 1916, así como el nuevo de 2002, comenzaba con una «Parte general» en el espíritu del llamado «sistema de las Pandectas (Pandektensystem)». La doctrina alemana solía explicar esta característica por medio de la influencia del Código Civil alemán (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch o BGB) de 1896, sin entrar en mayores detalles. En Brasil, a su vez, es muy difundida otra visión, según la cual la idea de una «Parte general» fue introducida en el derecho brasileño mucho antes de la promulgación del BGB. Sin embargo, un análisis más profundo de la cuestión muestra que ambos puntos de vista son imprecisos. Mientras que es cierto que en el derecho brasileño la «Parte general» ya existía a la mitad del siglo XIX, no era una creación original, sino que tuvo su origen en la recepción de la doctrina pandectística alemana. Al mismo tiempo, vale resaltar que ya en los proyectos brasileños de codificación del siglo XIX, la «Parte general» recibió un tratamiento independiente que aún es visible en el nuevo Código Civil de 2002. La idea de una «Parte general» se muestra fuertemente enraizada en la cultura jurídica brasileña, y las experiencias con ella constituyen un valioso objeto de estudio también para el observador europeo.
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Los poderes innominados de los árbitros
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-29) Prato, Enrico del
This paper refers to the implicit powers of the arbitrators. They are on the same level as the effects of any contract, with the particularity that they are not explicitly provided for by law nor by the parties, but represent natural expressions of the deployed function.