(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-03) Ferreira, Luís; Oliveira de Almeida, Sandra; Pessoa dos Santos, Renato; Cardoso, Luís
In Portugal, the suicide in the Security Forces has reached values higher than those of the general population, which reflected a need to seek solutions. This study aimed to understand the problem of suicide in the Republican National Guard through the identification of causes and consequences, the understanding of the intervention carried out in this field, and the identification of the post-vention as a prevention axis. Using the qualitative approach, through interpretative phenomenological analysis, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with military personnel of the Republican National Guard and external entities. As conclusions, there was a greater focus on strengthening the institutional response in terms of suicide prevention, especially in post-vention. However, there is a need to optimize resources for training and post-intervention.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-03) Morales, María de los Milagros; Alvarez, Guadalupe del Carmen; Ribeiro, Raquel
This contribution aims at showing the challenges faced by patients whose treatment for chronic and degenerative diseases implies weight control. Under a qualitative research approach, guided by psychoanalysis, in-depth interviews were conducted and data analyzed through content analysis. Results seem to indicate that the patients’ challenges have three dimensions: a) a socio-structurally institutional one, b) the therapeutic bond, and c) a psychic-drive correlate. It was concluded that patients attribute their main difficulties to the lack of institutional services and to the therapeutic bond; they do not acknowledge the inconsistencies in weight control within their psychic correlate, nor take responsibility for their treatment or self-care. Moreover, institutional shortcomings limit the treatment reach and contribute to the problem chronification.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-03) Melo, Georgia; Melo, Cynthia; Correia, Jéssica; Lima, Edna; Seidl, Eliane; Branco, Layza Castelo
This paper was intended to analyze the perception of patients, relatives and professionals about Chronic kidney disease and treatment adherence. We conducted qualitative research with 47 participants who answered an interview script, whose data were analyzed in Iramuteq. The results showed that patients had little understanding about the disease and its treatment, as well as negative feelings associated with them. Among the factors that facilitate adherence, we highlight family/professional support; among the limiting factors, water restriction, diet, and limitations in the routine of the patient and caregiver. Professionals showed distinctions between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, comparing limitations and benefits. We drew conclusions about the importance of paying attention to the factors that hinder treatment adherence to enhance its success.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-03) Nóblega, Magaly; Bartra, Ramon; Conde, Gabriela; Guimet, Marisut; Nuñez del Prado, Juan; Uchuya, Daniel; Retiz, Olenka
Mental health indicators of children from 6 to 71 months and their caregivers, and their associated factors, are described during the pandemic context. The information was collected through an ad hoc survey answered by 59,113 caregivers from the 24 departments and the constitutional province of Peru. A significant presence of externalizing behavior problems was reported in boys and girls. 8 out of 10 caregivers reported one or two indicators of anxiety, and around 2 out of 10 caregivers reported feeling stressed on many occasions and be alone in their parenting role. Practical implications for childhood interventions and parenting support are discussed based on the results.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-03) González Insua, Francisco; Rizzi, Pilar; Delfino, Gisela
Preventive measures of social isolation implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to decreased levels of physical activity and well-being. This study (n = 308) analyzed the relationship between weekly energy expenditure levels (METs; International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) and well-being (Pemberton Happiness Index, PHI). The physical space where the action was performed and the person/s with whom it was done moderate the positive relationship between physical activity levels and well-being. Individuals who were active outdoors and did physical activity with others reported greater well-being. The findings highlight the importance of engaging in physical activity in natural spaces and with other people. This is especially important in pandemic contexts, where people are often isolated from others.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) da Costa Silva, Khalil; Silva Ferreira, Andreza Silene; Camino, Cleonice; Rosas Torres, Ana Raquel
This work analyzes the relationship between moral judgment and racial discrimination in Brazil, operationalized as the perception of legitimacy regarding the use of police violence against Blacks. Study 1 (N = 123) found that racial prejudice predicts the legitimacy of police violence against Blacks and this relationship was moderated by moral judgment. Study 2 (N = 71) identified that police violence against a Black suspect was perceived as more legitimate when compared to a White one. Study 3 (N = 129) found that conventional morality increased the differences between Black and White in legitimacy of police violence, whereas post-conventional morality reduces this difference. In conclusion, the interaction between moral judgment and prejudice explains the racial discrimination in Brazil.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Correa, Pablo; Brussino, Silvina; Reyna, Cecilia
The objective of this work was to develop and validate a scale of attitudes towards people from different social classes in citizens of Gran Córdoba (Argentina) aged 18 to 65 years. A bank of 34 items was constructed and three identical versions were designed in which what varies is the evaluated group (high, middle or low class). The factor analysis showed a structure of two negatively correlated factors in the three versions of the scale. Specifically, one factor refers to positive emotions, beliefs and behaviors, while the other factor refers to negative emotions and beliefs towards people from different social classes. In addition, the results indicated adequate internal consistency for the three versions of the instrument.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Castilla-Estévez, David
Drawing from Moral Foundations Theory, in this article I hypothesize that higher scores on binding moral foundations are related to having children or being in a committed relationship. I support this assumption by presenting empirical evidence gathered from one meta-analytical analysis involving of nineteen studies about moral foundations and marital status (k = 27; N = 38,044), one meta-analytical analysis involving ten studies about moral foundations and parental status (k = 12; N = 24,521), and four independent samples t test, involving a subsample of eight studies (k = 8; N = 6,982). The results support my hypothesis for parental status, and partially support my hypothesis for marital status. Limitations regarding the scarcity of available data and others, are discussed.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Simkin, Hugo; Cosman, Shirly
This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Jewish Religious Coping Scale (JCOPE) within an Orthodox Jewish community in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. 200 Orthodox Jews with ages between 18 and 66 years (M = 29.86; SD = 13.02) and of both sexes (men = 69%; women = 31%) participated in the study. A 2-factor model resulted in acceptable fit indices (NNFI = .94; CFI = .95; IFI = .95; SRMR = .65). Results indicated an acceptable internal consistency for both the positive (ω = .85) and negative Jewish religious coping (ω = .57). While its suggested its use, future research should continue to explore the psychometric properties of the JCOPE in Argentina.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Resches, Mariela; Querejeta, Maira; Laguens, Ana; Aquino, Camila; Kohan-Cortada, Ana ; De Grandis, María Carolina
The impact of Early Child Care attendance on the first language skills of 725 boys and girls from 16 to 30 months living in Buenos Aires and its periphery is analyzed. The fathers and/or mothers filled in the regional adaptation of the Mac Arthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory and an ad hoc sociodemographic questionnaire. Results indicated significant differences in favor of the children who attended Early Child Care centers, although only after two years old. Early Child Care attendance had a compensating effect for children of mothers with a lower educational level. These data speak in favor of the need to promote public policies that guarantee access to quality educational services for early childhood.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Rodríguez, Carolina; Reyes-Sosa, Hiram; Martínez-Zelaya, Gonzalo; Moreno, David
In Mexico, insecurity and fear of crime had been affected Mexican’s society historically. However, research has focused on comprehend the causes society attributes to both phenomena increasing and a little has been explored about the relationship those variables can have with concepts like social well-being. This study aims to know about the effect social well-being (and his dimensions), emotions (positive and negative) and negative perception of the world have on the fear of crime. A sample of 152 young students (55.3% women and 44.7% men) with a mean age of 25.56 years (SD= 3.30) participated in this research.Results showed that fear of crime has configurated as a problem itself and affects society in a differential way. Consequently, high levels of social well-being diminish worry about fear of crime. In opposition, high levels of negative perception of the world and of negative feelings, including low levels of social well-being and positive emotions promote higher levels of worry about fear of crime.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Rueda-Toro, Juan; Muñoz-Guerrero, Laura; Soto-Vergara, Ana; Orcasita-Pineda, Linda
Analyze the elements of family communication associated with the coming out process of sexual orientation. Qualitative research with narrative design by topics. A content analysis of 12 interviews with three gay sons, three lesbian daughters and 6 mothers was done. Intrafamilial, contextual, and intrapsychic contents of communication were related to gender stereotypes, education, family support, religion, self-discovery, and acceptance. The assertive style dominated, although the passive and aggressive style were common before and during the disclosure. The strategies were divided into direct and indirect verbal and non-verbal. The contents of the communication are transformed with the disclosure process, while the styles and strategies seek to reestablish the homeostasis of the families.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Gabardo-Martins, Larissa; Silva Louro, Evânia; Tinoco Caldas, Amanda
Based on the JD-R Model, the objective was to test the mediation of motivation at work in the relations of autonomy at work and self-efficacy at work with productive organizational energy. The sample consisted of 464 Brazilian workers, of both sexes. The results of Structural Equation Modeling showed a relationship between autonomy at work and self-efficacy at work with productive organizational energy, and demonstrated the mediation of motivation at work. Such findings offer different theoretical and practical contributions to the area of Organizational Psychology by contributing to the planning and implementation of strategies that can increase employee performance and provide a competitive advantage for organizations that invest in their human capital.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Ahumada, Luis; Castro, Soledad; Barrientos, Luna; Durán, Valeska
The COVID-19 pandemic meant great stress and challenges for schools. In this context, distributed leadership emerged as a timely and relevant approach to understanding the changes that the school must adopt. In this research, through semi-structured interviews carried out with directors of 5 schools, we delved into how the pandemic was faced, the actions that were carried out, who was involved, the learning and projections. The results show that teachers and the psychosocial team appeared as relevant actors. The link with parents and students, who require socio-emotional or technical support associated with the use of the virtual teaching and learning methodology, appeared as another relevant aspect.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Valdés-Sánchez, Nelson; Sandoval, Sofía
This research sought to describe the physical, psychological, social, and academic consequences of university students during the first year of confinement, and to identify the main coping strategies used. Following a qualitative methodology, 67 university students from different regions of the country were interviewed. The results showed that there was an initial acceptance of confinement by students, as an extreme sanitary measure necessary to reduce cases of contagion, but that as time went by it began to be perceived as a terrible experience characterized by the loss of routines, lack of control and permanent uncertainty that ended up affecting different areas of their functioning. To cope with these consequences, the students used various strategies, mainly those focused on active problem solving (maintaining fixed schedules, seeking contact with significant people, implementing physical activity routines, and requesting professional help, among others) and the development of greater self-awareness (relaxation techniques, mindfulness, and self-compassion, among others). The relevance and future implications of these results are discussed.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Sánchez-Porro, David; Silva-Vicuña, Julius
Romantic breakups involve great psychological and emotional suffering. However, there are factors that allow subjects to achieve adequate well-being. The Dual Process Model proposes two types of tasks (loss-oriented and life-restoration-oriented) to be performed in order to cope with a breakup. Our aim is to analyse the differences in the use of these strategies depending on the gender of the individuals and their role at the onset of the breakup. The results conclude that women cope with breakups through restorative strategies. In terms of the initiator role, when the breakup is produced by mutual decision, mainly loss-focused strategies are used.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Cueto, Rosa María; Ayma, Liz; Llanco, César; Espinosa, Agustín
This study analyzes through a qualitative study of 4 focus groups (n=13) the meanings and effects of volunteering reported by volunteers of the Lima 2019 Pan American and Parapan American Games and the Special Legacy Project. On a personal level, positive emotions are reported, linked to the awareness of having been part of historic events, as well as experiences of personal and interpersonal growth. From the social point of view, favorable effects are reported for the construction of a sense of community, civic awareness and national pride. In the institutional framework, organizational and management aspects are identified that favor favorable conditions for the development of volunteer experiences that generate positive effects both personally and socially.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Serruto, Verónica; Frisancho, Susana
The teacher is one of the main actors in the learning process and his or her belief system influences his or her pedagogical practice. The objective of this research is to identify the conceptions of a group of education students in a highland province of Peru about rural education, their role in it and the characteristics of the students. A qualitative study using a semi-structured interview is proposed. The results showed that the participants recognize the cultural value of rurality and the needs and rights of its inhabitants, however, they continue to relate them to poverty and less development, which can be translated into discourses that transmit a hopeless and disadvantaged vision. Stereotypical conceptions of rural students were also identified, which may influence the construction of teachers’ expectations and have an impact on their performance and students’ academic achievement. Finally, there is evidence of limited knowledge about rural schools and multigrade education, which may be one of the reasons why they consider multigrade education as a negative characteristic of rural schools.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Schweiger Gallo, Inge; Rodríguez Monter, Miryam; Cuenca, Cristina; Fernández-Dols, José Miguel; Belli, Simone
Despite the interest in grima during the last years due to its relevance as a culturally specific emotion in Spain, we still lack knowledge about its delineation from the experience of disgust. Applying a combination of deductive and inductive methodologies to the study of grima, it was found that most of the experiences of grima referred to squeaking noises and scratching of surfaces, followed by situations related to the disgust domain of envelope violations. Further, it was also observed that the experiences of grima occurred in a variety of contexts, with the exception of the institutional context, although mainly in the educational context. The theoretical and methodological implications of the present research are discussed.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04) Mareovich, Florencia; Jauck, Daniela Eva; Peralta, Olga Alicia
Shared book reading is a very common activity during early childhood. However, few researches analyze reading sessions with babies under one-year of age. This study aims to describe and compare mothers’ interaction styles with their 9-month-old babies during reading and daily routines at home (such as bathing, playing, or feeding). Findings show that mothers tend to adopt a more dialogical style during reading and a more direct approach during day-to-day activities. Babies mostly perform manipulative actions on books. In response to maternal interventions, infants respond in a more contingent and conventional way. Results suggest that mothers play a significant role in structuring shared reading experiences within the first year of life, supporting the recommendation to increase reading at early ages.
