Revista de Psicología. Vol. 42 Núm. 1 (2024)
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/196598
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado Acciones psicoterapéuticas para desarrollar habilidades sociales en un grupo de pacientes atendidos en dos centros de atención para el desarrollo humano del Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Pérez Martinto, Pedro Carlos; Vásquez Bravo, Flor Idamia; Rodríguez Vega, Juan LuisThis scientific article is part of the research-related results within the Life Sciences and Human Health Care research line. These investigations made it possible to implement a group of actions within a strategy aimed at developing social skills in a group of adolescents and a group of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who were diagnosed. To this end, we analyzed the populations of 220 adolescents attended by a Health Center, and of 262 patients with autism spectrum disorders, from the Equine Therapy Center. An intentional sample was selected, meeting an inclusive criteria group of 132 adolescents and 61 patients with ASD. The most relevant results were obtained; from the application of the instrument was the manual of social skills and the scale of Scale of assessment of social competence; It is possible to characterize the current state of the subjects and develop a group of actions for their treatment. Its application led to greater relaxation and muscle elongation for better muscle coordination by synchronizing the neuronal structure with new movement patterns; as well as better assertiveness, communication, decision-making and self-esteem.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Atribuciones sobre las causas de la pobreza en ciudadanos de Córdoba (Argentina): análisis psicométrico desde la TCT y la TRI(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Reyna, Cecilia; Mola, Débora Jeanette; Correa, PabloThe tripartite model proposed by Feagin (1972) is widely used, although empirical evidence does not always support it. Thus, we set out to obtain empirical evidence on the psychometric properties of a pool of items on causes of poverty using CTT and IRT. In this research/study, 280 citizens of Córdoba from 18 to 65 years old participated. Results from confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency showed acceptable values for the three-factor models. Results derived from IRT indicate that, in general, the items estimate a wide range of values of the latent traits, discriminating between people with different levels of trait. The need to gather new empirical evidence of Feagin’s proposal using complementary methods is highlighted.Ítem Texto completo enlazado El comportamiento sexual de personas adultas mayores mexicanas: estudio cuantitativo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Torrado Ramos, Amarilys Mercedes; Armenta Hurtarte, CarolinaThe main objective of this quantitative study with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and descriptive scope was to identify the sexual behaviors present in senior adults living in Mexico City and their differences with respect to sociodemographic characteristics, sex, current relationship status, schooling, occupation and family life at home. The non-probabilistic and convenience sample consisted of 120 participating men and women aged 60 and over. The results reveal the presence of various dyadic and genitocentric sexual behaviors in the current sexual sphere of the participants. In addition, some differences are identified by sex (woman - man), education (high school, higher education and postgraduate), occupation (retired / or - worker and current relationship status (with a partner - without a partner).Ítem Texto completo enlazado Confrontación comunicacional: Análisis longitudinal de un enfrentamiento a través de los medios(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) SanMartín, Ana N.; Asún, Rodrigo; Zúñiga, ClaudiaThe media-based communication between social movements and other actors is relevant to achieve their goals. This article addresses the dynamic and contentious aspects of the media-based communication generated by the Magallanes Social Movement and the Government of Chile. A quantitative analysis was made of 217 news and 499 quotations published during the events. The results indicate that the parties adopted differing communication strategies like making calls for action, talking positively about the own group, among others. Furthermore, the content of communications varied over time, but the strong relation between the communications issued and the occurrence of particular protest events suggests that while a communicational contest is certainly an interactive process, both camps do not just argue through the words, but also through the events that each camp organizes.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Contacto social de estudiantes universitarios con indígenas chilenos: estructura y asociaciones con estereotipos(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Salazar-Fernández, Camila; Saiz, José L.In non-indigenous Chilean university students, this study examined (1) the two-dimensional structure (quantity and quality) of social contact with the Mapuche people, and (2) the associations of these dimensions with stereotypes attributed to this group in a context of interethnic conflict. A purposive sample of 332 participants reported on their contact with the Mapuche, both in quantity and quality, and their adherence to various positive and negative stereotypes about this outgroup. The results supported an oblique factorial structure of contact (quantity and quality), revealing significant correlations between these factors and the stereotypes. Importantly, the quality of contact demonstrated more intense associations with stereotypes compared to its quantity. The latent interaction between quantity and quality did not significantly impact stereotypes. The study highlights the need to differentiate quantity and quality of contact when examining their relationships with other psychosocial constructs.Ítem Texto completo enlazado El cruel abrazo del dolor: la endometriosis y sus representaciones(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Galli, Ida; Luongo, Assunta; Ramirez Cortázar, Felipe; Fasanelli, RobertoEndometriosis is a chronic disease of the female genital tract, the etiology of which is still unclear. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, from a biopsychosocial perspective, the structure of social representations of endometriosis of women with this disease and healthy women. To this end, an exploratory survey was conducted by administering an online questionnaire. The results made it possible to identify those particular type of social representations, the controversies, articulated differently and often contradictory in their peripheral elements. These results provide a useful basis for the construction of intervention strategies to avoid the “epistemological purgatory” in which many women are forced to live due to the discrepancy between the subjective experience of endometriosis and its expert knowledge.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Dramaterapia: Aproximación a la construcción de sentidos de vida en jóvenes universitarios(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Pineda Cárdenas, Juliana; Zuluaga Valencia, Juan BernardoWhat is it like to live without questioning the meaning of existence? This document proposes how something as common and chaotic as existential crises can find transformation and change through drama therapy. This therapeutic tool facilitates emotional expression through drama (acting, play, dramaturgy, masks, among other elements of theatrical art) and generates powerful introspection processes in participants through their self-awareness, through provocative questions posed by the drama therapist. The social symptoms of existential emptiness end up generating emotional difficulties that can even lead to the loss of life for those who experience them. For this reason, it is decided to work with young people, as they are the population most affected by this problem. In other words, drama therapy aims to propose a path that approaches the construction of the purpose for which young people want to guide their lives. It is mixed research with a phenomenological and quasi-experimental design of pretest-post-test using the Purpose In Life (PIL) instrument, developing nine drama therapy workshops as an intervention strategy with nine university students. The average scores of the pretest (91.8, 104, 120) increased after the workshops (111.4, 118, 123.50). The effectiveness of drama therapy is supported by multiple variables (teamwork, collective support, love, and the possibility of observation from the outside). Drama therapy as an intervention strategy is a different, little-researched, and innovative way of working on an emotional level, as it provides the possibility of taking action in the face of one’s destiny and the way of seeing and acting in life.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Duelo por ruptura amorosa y florecimiento en estudiantes: El rol mediador de la autocompasión(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Peña-Muñante, Gonzalo; Pozo-Muñoz, CarmenWhen a relationship ends, it is essential to identify strategies that help people cope with the breakup, as this will condition their future well-being. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between romantic breakup distress and flourishing, considering self-compassion as a mediator variable. A questionnaire was administered to 506 students of different educational levels (secondary and higher) and ages (15 to over 23 years old) to obtain information on study variables. Correlational and inferential analyzes were performed. The results indicated that the loss of intimacy was the main reason for the breakup. Furthermore, there were significant differences in distress according to the duration of the broken relationship, the status of the initiator of the breakup, and the current relationship. Finally, a significant indirect effect of distress on flourishing through self-compassion was found.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Efectos psicosociales de la Comisión de la Verdad en Brasil(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Mathias, Anderson; Páez, Darío; Espinosa, Agustín; Techio, Elza Maria; Alzugaray, Carolina; Sandoval, Salvador; Moraes, Albert; Albuquerque, Rosiane; Araújo, Lidiane; Pinto, AdrieleA Truth Commission (TC) was carried out in Brazil (2012-2014) to investigate human rights violations perpetrated by state agents, especially during the military dictatorship (1964-1985). TCs are supposed to help societies on the reconstruction of social cohesion after authoritarian or violent periods. We conducted three studies with undergraduate students and adult samples between 2014 and 2017. Evaluating the TC as effective was related to higher punctuations on the variables of social cohesion, even controlling the effects of political positioning. The TC effectiveness perception was associated with the emotional reaction (both, negative or positive) and a positive attitude towards remembering the past. Nonetheless, we found some different results across the three studies. These differences are discussed.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Escala para evaluar la experiencia espiritual diaria en una muestra de jóvenes de Bogotá, Colombia: análisis psicométrico(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Osorio Castaño, César Augusto; Ortiz Garzón, Eliana Ivette; Avendaño Prieto, Bertha LucíaThe psychometric properties of the Scale to Evaluate the Daily Spiritual Experience (DSES) of Underwood and Teresi (2002) were analyzed with a sample of 603 Colombian youth aged between 18 and 24 years (M = 20.77; SD = 1.94), 67.5% were women and 32.3% men. The exploratory factor analysis was performed, that confirmed that the scale is one-dimensional, the goodness-of-fit indexes of the confirmatory factor analysis (CMIN / DF = 2.7; GFI = .95; IFI = .98; TLI = .98; CFI = .98; RMSEA = .05) and internal consistency (alpha = .94 and McDonald’s ω = .95). The fit of the items was evaluated through an analysis with the Rasch model and evidence of convergent and divergent validity was obtained. The DSES was shown as a valid and reliable scale.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Experiencias de compañeras de presos varones dentro y fuera de las cárceles(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Brum, Rayssa Reck; Rossato Pereira, Caroline Rubin; Najar Smeha, LucianeThis study aimed to understand the repercussions of prison for female companions of imprisoned men. Twelve female companions of male prisoners participated in the study. Data were collected through a sociodemographic data questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, and submitted to Thematic Analysis. There was an important change in the women’s entire lives after the arrest of their partners, considering experiences directly related to prison, as well as repercussions on their lives in general, which went beyond direct contact with the prison context. It is considered necessary to highlight the processes to which these women are exposed, as well as to legitimize their experiences, intertwined in a process of significant increase in incarceration in Brazil.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Los factores de desarrollo como predictores de la satisfacción vital de los adolescentes albaneses(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Dervishi, Eglantina; Canollari-Baze, Albana; Wiium, NoraThis study examined the relationship between Positive Youth Development (PYD) Internal and External assets and life satisfaction among Albanian adolescents. Data were collected from a sample of 409 Albanian students aged 14-19 years using the Developmental Assets Profile and the Life Satisfaction Scale. The sample included the majority group (51%) and various minority groups in Albania. Statistical analyses were conducted to explore the association between PYD assets, demographic variables, and perceived life satisfaction. The results revealed significant differences in Internal and External assets across all groups, with life satisfaction reported at a moderate positive level. Gender and minority group differences were observed in the relationship between assets and life satisfaction. The findings of this study reveal that the ten Positive Youth Development (PYD) assets serve as predictors for life satisfaction. Additionally, it was observed that the same set of ten PYD assets acts as a predictor for life satisfaction. These results provide valuable insights into the implementation of PYD strategies and the impact they have on life satisfaction within an under-researched community.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Habilidad lógica y mecanismos motivacionales en la evaluación de argumentos(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Massolo, Alba; Traversi, MarielThe main objective of this research is to analyze the myside bias in two argument evaluation tasks: one linked to the paradigm of formal reasoning and the other linked to the paradigm of informal reasoning. For this, we develop and apply a reasoning test that combines formal reasoning tasks with informal reasoning tasks. The test was administered virtually to a total of 138 participants. The results confirmed the two hypotheses of the study, namely, that motivational mechanisms prevail over logical ability in the tasks of evaluating arguments (both deductive and non-deductive) and that the myside bias is significantly accentuated in the task of informal reasoning.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Iniciación sexual y conducta preventiva en la juventud chilena(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Rodríguez Garcés, Carlos; Romero Garrido, David; Espinosa Valenzuela, DenisseObjective: to characterize sexual initiation and sexual risk behaviors that accompany the exercise of sexuality among young people between 15 and 29 years of age in Chile. Methodology: with the results of the Tenth National Youth Survey in Chile, through an inferential statistical analysis and the application of logistic regression models, the main descriptors of sexual initiation are profiled, with emphasis on precocity, formality, and preventive behaviour. Results: according to the data, young men and women initiate sexually at early ages, however, they privilege the formality of the bond and there is a greater presence of preventive behaviour compared to the last decade. Conclusions: the importance of developing socio-educational interventions aimed at modifying risky sexual behaviors, intervening mainly on young people’s attitudes towards prevention, is emphasized.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Percepción de riesgo de contagio del COVID-19 en personal de salud(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Perez Mogrovejo, Fiorella; Villaseca Cruz, Juana; Pierina Cubillas Espinoza, Pierina; Rivera Cruzatt, Fiorella; Malvaceda-Espinoza, EliThe aim of this study was to analyze the perceived risk of COVID-19 infection among health personnel in Lima and Callao. We followed a qualitative approach with a reflexive thematic analysis design. Fifteen participants were interviewed. It was found that the perception of the risk of infection revolved around previous knowledge, the emotional state went from fear to calm. Likewise, the perception was affected by the sociocultural influence of the work environment, institutional, relational, beliefs and service vocation; as well as by personal experiences, which include risk situations and negative emotional charge. It is concluded that the perception of risk is centered on knowledge and emotions, related to social, cultural, and individual aspects.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Perfiles de ajuste psicosocial de los estudiantes: un análisis basado en clusters(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Romera Leme, Vanessa Barbosa; Penna-de-Carvalho, Aline; Fernandes, Luana de Mendonça; dos Santos Elias, Luciana CarlaThe end of the middle school is characterized by interpersonal and academic challenges, in addition to high levels of school dropout and failure. However, there are few studies that aim to investigate this period of the educational trajectory, in order to identify personal and contextual resources. Thus, this study aimed to analyze psychosocial adjustment profiles of students, considering risk factors (exposure to violence and daily discrimination), protection (social support and school climate) and adjustment indicator (life satisfaction). 709 students who attended the 7th, 8th and 9th grade of public schools participated. Through cluster analysis, profiles were identified: resilient, with high values of risk indicators with good adjustment; vulnerable, with high-risk indices and low adjustment. It is concluded that investing in the reduction of risk factors and enhancement of protective factors, through preventive programs, is essential for the development.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Salud en trabajadores de una universidad peruana: el rol de variables personales, compromiso y burnout(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Cassaretto, Mónica; Martínez, Patricia; Tavera, Mariela; Salim, AlessandraUniversity teaching quality depends on the workforce of the institution, both teachers and administrative staff. Considering this population has been little investigated, the present study aims to know the role of variables (sociodemographic and behavioral), burnout and work engagement on physical and mental health in a group of workers in a private university in Lima, Peru. In order to achieve this goal, mental and physical health (SF-36), burnout (MBI) and work engagement (UWES) were assessed in a group of 512 university personnel from Lima, Peru. Results showed that, even when they keep a good physical functioning, there`re high report psychosomatic complaint, low energy, pain problems, overweight and poor health behavior. No differences between sex, age or type of work were found.The variables that better predicted physical and mental health were hours of sleep, work engagement, especially “vigor” component; as well as burnout components “emotional exhaustion” and “professional efficacy”. Moreover, “Cynicism” predicts mental health, but not physical health. Results provide important information about workers health promotion.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Sistema de Representaciones Sociales en sentencias judiciales de feminicidio en Bahía en los años 2020 y 2021(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Feitosa, Ellen Araújo Lima; Ferreira Júnior, Avimar; Techio, Elza MariaFemicide is a complex problem that involves successive forms of violence in emotional relationships, causing significant individual and collective consequences. The objective was to analyze the representational systems present in the discursive repertoires in legal sentences about cases of feminicide in the state of Bahia, in 2020 and 2021. Documentary study of cases reported as feminicide by the Public Ministry in 2020/2021 in Bahia, available at Jusbrasil Platform. 121 documents were found, of which 15 sentences met the inclusion criteria. These were analyzed using the Social Network Analysis approach. The results revealed significant differences in judicial decisions and their reasoning. When comparing the positions between male and female judges, it was noticeable to identify these differences related to gender. Thus, the sentences were mainly anchored in sexist justifications, materialized from the sentences in the representational system. Among these, motivations for crime such as jealousy, feelings of possession and separation.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Victimización durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y síntomas de trauma psicológico en adolescentes tempranos y tardíos: el papel mediador de la soledad(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Magro Lazo, Giancarlo Carlos; Miranda Ayala, Rafael Alberto; Oriol Granado, XavierThis study aims to analyze the effect of victimization suffered during the COVID-19 lockdown on psychological trauma in early and late adolescents. The sample of this study comprised of 933 Peruvian adolescents, 45.5% (n= 423) were males and (54.5%) (n= 506) were females. 44.5% (n=415) were in early adolescence (12 to 13 years) and 55.5 % (n=518) were in late adolescence (14 to 17 years). Data was collected online during the COVID-19 lockdown. Results show that early adolescents who have suffered victimization have higher probabilities of suffering psychological trauma than late adolescents compared to non- victims. In addition, loneliness is observed to play a significant role as a mediator in the relationship between victimization and psychological trauma in Early Adolescents (B = .69, SE = 0.08, CI [ .53, .86]) and late adolescents (B = .66, SE = 0.07, CI [.51, .81]). Results suggests that the cost-benefit of COVID 19 lockdown should be reconsidered. Social distance could had made difficult for adolescents to stablish interpersonal relationships and solve conflicts associated with victimization. Loneliness could be an expression of these difficulties and therefore explain symptoms of psychological trauma. Finally, results are discussed in order to prevent the harmful effects of the pandemic and the measures taken on adolescent mental health, especially in middle- and low-income countries.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Visita domiciliaria en el contexto de vulnerabilidad social: perspectiva de los visitados(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-01-08) Mayara Péres, Girlane; Ojeda Ocampo Moré, Carmen LeontinaHome visits are an intervention instrument of the Unified Social Assistance System and the main link between teams and families. This qualitative research aimed to understand the experience of home visits, from the perspective of families monitored by the Unified Social Assistance System. So, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted with people from the families visited. The data were organized and analyzed from the perspective of Grounded Theory, with the aid of the software Atlas.Ti 8.4. The results showed families with histories of vulnerabilities and violence, the interviewees were unaware of the reason for the home visit and built ambivalent bonds with the professionals. The need to reflect on the proposal of the community bond and the objectives of home visits, between families and professionals, is highlighted.