Congresos y Coloquios

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/124169

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Open Access
A Scenario-Based Model for the Study of Collaboration in Construction
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Garcia, Alejandro; Murguia, Danny; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
The construction sector has been widely criticized for its low productivity, fragmented structure, and adversarial relationships. To address these problems, some industry actors are adopting innovations such as lean construction, digital technologies, and collaborative contracts. However, these transformative innovations are underpinned by inter organizational collaboration within complex supply chain networks. Understanding collaboration in theory and practice is a difficult task. Therefore, this study aims to investigate factors influencing collaboration and develop a model for inter-organizational collaboration. To achieve this aim, first, a literature review on collaboration in construction was conducted. Second, qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews using the critical incident technique. Third, data were deductively and inductively analyzed using thematic nodes. Data showed that collaboration can be classified into four dimensions: trust, project uncertainty management, client’s operational capability, and business relationships. Finally, an empirical framework was constructed using the scenario technique. Client attributes and Supply Chain Capabilities were found to be the most influential and uncertain factors. Based on these, four collaboration scenarios were developed and assessed with illustrative implications derived from the empirical data. The scenario-based model would provide a further understanding of inter-organizational collaboration within supply chains and would aid Lean Construction practitioners to develop collaborative relationships.
Open Access
Applying CBA to Decide the Best Excavation Method: Scenario During the Covid-19 Pandemic
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Espinoza, Lisseth R.; Brioso, Xavier; Herrera, Rodrigo F.; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
On January 30 of 2020, The World Health Organization declared the pandemic crisis as the first public emergency with international importance. Because of this, many building projects were paralyzed since then and the building industry experienced changes that have brought the inclusion of new tools to achieve the objectives of the projects. The purpose of the present paper is to present the application of Choosing By Advantages (CBA) methodology to select the best alternative in the material removal system in the execution of basements in a project that was paralyzed by the health emergency COVID 19. CBA is a lean tool used to make decisions with clarity and transparency and in this case is used to consider the constraints of COVID-19 protocol to guide in decisions making. This methodology was applied to a case study for a building project in the basement construction phase that restarts its activities in the excavations. For that, an expert panel was formed to analyze and decide the best alternative solution. Finally, the selected alternative was implemented on-site, validating the methodology. It is concluded that CBA is an excellent tool to transparently document the selection process of the removal system. Additionally, this methodology allows including activities regarding the COVID-19 protocol, without affecting the project's productivity.
Open Access
Challenges of Virtual Design and Construction Implementation in Public Projects
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Prado Lujan, Guillermo; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
The Peruvian AEC industry has started implementing VDC and BIM in public projects due to recent regulations that state the progressive adoption of BIM (as a methodology) in public construction. Regardless of the benefits of these new approaches, some challenges to VDC implementation have emerged as a response to the resistance to change of the Peruvian AEC industry, which is stronger in the Peruvian public sector. The aim of this paper is to present the challenges found in the author´s VDC implementation experience in a public project, as part of the third VDC Certificate Program in Lima lead by CIFE from Stanford University. These challenges will be identified based on a schema, constructed by the literature review. The results show that the main challenges found are the lack of commitment and the lack of collaboration between stakeholders. These results suggest the need to overcome this resistant-to-change environment by focusing on training programs and conducting capability assessments within public institutions before start implementing VDC, so more benefits will be achieved by the Peruvian public institutions.
Open Access
Implementation of Lean Construction as a Solution for the Covid-19 Impacts in Residential Construction Projects in Lima, Peru
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Verán-Leigh, Daniel; Brioso, Xavier; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
At the beginning of 2020, a virus discovered in the province of Wuhan in China identified as SARS- COV-2, denominated COVID-19, began to spread globally, being identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic on March 13 since the epidemic has spread to several countries in all the continents and affects a large number of people (WHO 2020). In Peru the entry of COVID-19 caused the Peruvian government to take different options to control its spread such as mandatory quarantines and lockdowns. In front of this scenario, the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector had to reinvent itself since it is a sector where work depends on a significant amount of personnel (IPE 2020). Furthermore, the level of industrialization in Peru is significantly lower compared with industrialized countries, generating that the consumption of labor is greater as well as the cost of the project, searching for new solutions to improve productivity. Moreover, considering the new sanitary measures for COVID-19 including new health protocols, controls, and improvement of working sanitary standards. Therefore, the main purpose of the present paper is to present a planning proposal for a system that integrates the Lean tools and the COVID-19 protocol for armed concrete buildings in Peru and present the preliminary results of its modification on the production system, design of work schedules, planning meetings, among other aspects of the construction system.
Open Access
Lean and BIM Interaction in a High Rise Building
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Chuquín, Frank; Chuquín, Cristhian; Saire, Romina; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Lean Design has been spreading its use in the AEC industry along with the emergence of Building Information Modelling (BIM).Those two methodologies; Lean and BIM are being implemented first independently and then together. as new means to deliver more efficient projects. This paper researches some tools of Lean and BIM that permit a positive interaction by focusing on a case study related to a high rise building for residential use. Those tools are; from Lean Construction, set based design and value stream mapping. From BIM were used a 3D model and Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) sessions. Also, the paper describes the interaction between those tools in the design phase and its impact in the construction stage.
Open Access
Lean construction in crisis times: responding to the post-pandemic AEC industry challenges
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Alarcón, Luis F.; González, Vicente A.; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
While our IGLC community was trying to catch up with how the reshaping of the manufacturing by the advent of the “fourth industrial revolution” or industry 4.0 would impact the architecture-engineering-construction (AEC) industry, an even bigger and unprecedented economic and social disruption caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, posed new and unimaginable challenges leading to a world that is going through its biggest transformation in every single aspect of our society in almost a Century. Countries responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by taking unprecedented steps such as making large amounts of money available to fund rescue measures such as tax cuts, extended unemployment benefits, mortgage holidays, and liquidity for small and medium-sized businesses. And some of the millions of persons that suddenly started working remotely during the pandemic, have taken the unprecedented opportunity to shift their lives in a new direction expecting not having to go back to the office again. This has also shifted the traditional way of working in the AEC industry towards one that enable the e-office and e-collaboration among project teams. Back in 2020, the 28th IGLC conference already setup (i.e., auditoriums, catering, hotel reservations, audiovisual equipment) to be carried out in Cusco, Peru had to be surprisingly cancelled due to the COVID-19 worldwide lockdown and traveling restrictions imposed throughout the word in March 2020. Iris Tommelein1 and her P2SL group at UC Berkeley jointly with Emmanuel Danie2 from University of Wolverhampton, raised to the occasion making the IGLC community statement “annual conferences are the main activity of the IGLC, and their locations rotate amongst the continents” to become charged with a new meaning, having by the first time a completely online IGLC conference in 2020. The 28th IGLC online conference organized by the P2SL at Berkeley replaced the originally planned in person conference to be held in Cusco, Peru in July 2020. Building on top of the pioneering experience provided by UC Berkeley, this year’s 29th IGLC full online conference has been entirely organized by the Peruvian university: “Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú” under the leadership of Professors Dr Danny Murguia and Dr Xavier Brioso, and with the senior advice of Professors Dr Luis Fernando Alarcon from Catholic University of Chile and Dr Vicente Gonzalez from University of Auckland. In this year’s conference, we had 98 papers’ presentations, 9 Summer School presentations, 2 keynote speakers, and a Gregory Howell Lean Game Session. All the papers and presentation slides are available online at iglc.net. With the conviction that we shall emerge from this COVID-19 pandemic with a healthier respect for the environment and our common humanity, Dr Flores inaugurated the conference with the keynote presentation: “Trust, emotionality, relationships, and productivity - some reflections for the construction industry”. And Dr Guilherme Luz Tortorella provided the closing keynote presentation “Integrating Industry 4.0 into Lean”. These IGLC29 conference proceedings do not only contain the records of the conference, but they will carry within themselves the story of the challenges and opportunities brought up by the COVID-19 pandemic to our IGLC community as well as to the broader Lean Construction community. Finally, we would like to thank to all the members of the 2020 28th IGLC conference organizing committee that was not possible to be carried out in person in Cusco, Peru neither during 2020 nor during 2021, special thanks to Carlos Lepesqueur for his efforts and leadership on the organization of a conference that did not happen and that we still hope to happen in the new world of hope that has started to arise.
Open Access
Lean Design in Hydraulic Infrastructure – River Defenses and Dikes - A Case Study From Peru
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Chuquín, Frank; Chuquín, Cristhian; Saire, Romina; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
The construction sector has been changed in different aspects since the implementation of best practices of lean construction and others. It is crucial to remark that those new methodologies have been trying to address construction issues related to the execution part but with little attention to the design stage. In Peru, the use of lean construction started as part of an initiative from the private sector and specifically in the execution part. In that sense, lean design was introduced later and always by the private sector. Little by little the public sector started to get used to lean construction. Nevertheless, in hydraulic infrastructure such as river defenses and dikes the progress of introduction lean design has been insignificant in the country. This paper describes step by step the implementation of lean design in capital projects related to hydraulic infrastructure in Peru specifically for river defenses and dikes.It is the objective of this paper to address the difficulties founded in the implementation and what strategies have been deployed in order to overcome those barriers. Two tools of lean design that were used are: set based design and value stream mapping along with concepts of change management.
Open Access
Libro de Resúmenes del Primer Congreso de Energías Renovables y Arquitectura Bioclimática (CABER 2017): “Reconstruyendo el Perú sosteniblemente “
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería. Grupo de Apoyo al Sector Rural, 2017) Alayza Solis, Bernardo
El Libro de Resúmenes del Primer Congreso de Energías Renovables y Arquitectura Bioclimática (CABER 2017): “Reconstruyendo el Perú sosteniblemente, congrega el conocimiento generado por diversos investigadores y docentes en el ámbito científico, social y político; estudiantes de ingeniería, arquitectura, ciencias sociales y fines; decisores de políticas a nivel nacional; empresarios en temas de energías renovables y arquitectura bioclimática; y diversos actores que han desarrollado propuestas enfocadas en temas de prevención de desastres naturales, cambio climático y reconstrucción. Consideramos que CABER 2017 ha sido un hito para la discusión, generación de alianzas y el intercambio de conocimiento desde diversos sectores y perspectivas, de tal manera que se puedan generar nuevas alternativas en pos de un proceso de reconstrucción nacional sostenible que considere a las energías renovables como un eje central en su intervención.
Open Access
Use of Value Stream Mapping in a Case Study in Basement Construction
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Espinoza, Lisseth R.; Herrera, Rodrigo F.; Brioso, Xavier; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
The Value Stream Mapping (VSM) as a management tool helps evaluate the waste within the workflow. However, it must be adapted to the construction since it was originated in manufacture. This adaptation is possible through appropriate process mapping. This study aims to map the process of the basement construction system in the execution of a building in Lima-Peru city. The building in the case study will have nine basements and 11-floor levels. An adaptation of the optimization cycle for construction projects was used. It allows mapping all the relevant activities and proposing and implementing improvements in the construction system. As a result, three maps were obtained. The first one is a map of the current state (VSM 1). The second one is a map of the current state with improvements (VSM 2). Finally, a third map of the future state with improvements (VSM 3). This study demonstrated that it is possible to adapt the VSM in basement construction and the usefulness of this tool to evaluate and reduce waste within the workflow.