Debates en Sociología. Núm. 58 (2024)
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14657/201844
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Dossier: Alternativas y resistencias a los modelos hegemónicos capitalistas...
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado Territorializando prácticas alternativas de comercialización:(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-10) Viteri, Maria Laura; Arce, AlbertoThis work explores social and commercial alternative practices in a city located in a Pampean region heavily influenced by the agribusiness model. Its economy revolves around agriculture and livestock, relying heavily on external agricultural inputs for primary production. Using development anthropology and a sociology approach, this work positions the territorial space of the Agroecological Four Seasons Fair in Balcarce, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, as a generator of knowledge interfaces. This approach prioritizes the actors and their creative abilities in shaping courses of action and questions the idea that capital is the driving force. The focus is on the regeneration of socio-material resources from actors’ practices. Through the life stories and experiences of the actors, particularly the vendors, the aim is to understand the network of knowledge, including interactions with State institutional representatives. The consumers and the material aspects of the Four Seasons Fair represent various ways of life that are constantly evolving, undergoing processes of deterritorialization, influenced by residents from other cities. The fair is an expression of multiple ways of life that question existing models.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Editorial(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-10) Castro, AugustoNo presenta resumen.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Los sindicatos rurales y el giro de Brasil a la derecha:(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-10) Delgado de Carvalho, PriscilaWe analyzed the impacts of the regime change in post-2016 Brazil on patterns of activism, based on the case of the oldest confederation of rural workers in the country. Since the end of the 1990s, the National Confederation of Male and Female Family Farmers (Contag) has concentrated its efforts on demanding public policies for family farming, with the participation of farmers in policy formulation. Using two analytical tools (the differentiation between public and semi-public actions and the modes of gathering), we discussed three moments: the impeachment of Rousseff in 2016, the pension reform between 2016 and 2019, and the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020. We saw the removal of the Federal government as an interlocutor, efforts to avoid the dismantling of policies, and the return of democracy as a disputed issue.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Desafiando las estructuras jurídicas de despojo desde lo local(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-10) Gómez Rojas, Ana CarolinaLatin America is framed within a neoliberal rationality that favors the installation of legal structures of dispossession (LSD) (Hernández, 2019). However, local communities resist and counterattack in diverse ways, including legal and political. A space for observing these dynamics is the socio-environmental conflict derived from the La Colosa gold mining project in Colombia, since, through the use of mechanisms such as popular consultation, new institutional agreements have been reached challenging the traditional distribution of power over the territory. The central argument is that the case of resistance to megaprojects through legal mechanisms helps to observe the processes of institutionalized resistance that transform legal structures to give way to a different relationship between nature-society. Methodologically, the argument is based on participant and participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, documentary, and journalistic review between 2013 and 2022, and review of judicial documents from a documentary ethnography perspective (Muzzopappa Villalta, 2013). Despite the asymmetry of power in which socio-environmental disputes develop, the results show that there are multiple interactions challenging the hegemonic power from the local level, forcing it to a permanent territorial reflexivity. In addition, it is based off the responses from organized communities, public authorities, and corporations that the strategies for the following stages of the conflict arise. This implies that any conflict is not beforehand resolved.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Transformaciones y continuidades en la gestión policial de conflictividades durante la pandemia(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-10) Goldin, Deborah Judith; Rodríguez, FlorenciaThis article presents the results of a research on the transformations in policing practices and population control during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the ways in which these changes were experienced by police officers in Córdoba (Argentina), in the case of the Villa María-Villa Nueva urban agglomerate during 2020-2021. Here we will address the conflicts that were relevant in this location during said period, analyzing the transformations that were identified in police practices and their ways of intervening in these conflicts. We analyze the interactions between police and citizens, looking to highlight the transformations of this already heterogeneous relation. Finally, we will inquire into the experiences of the police during the pandemic, with special emphasis on their perception of risk and recognition of their work, as well as on the use of force. On this basis, we consider that the pandemic strengthened the role of the police in population management, further highlighting the performance of a range of tasks unrelated to the prosecution of crime.Ítem Texto completo enlazado ¿Guerrilleros o campesinos?(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-10) Portela García, Juan CamiloThis article addresses the processes of interpretation in the public sphere about the 2013 National Agrarian Strike in Colombia, and especially the way in which the protesters were considered authentic and legitimate. Based on a cultural sociology approach, it argues that two symbolic processes contributed to the generation of social solidarity towards the peasantry during the strike. First, the transitional context derived from the peace talks between the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) was discursively articulated in support of the protest. Second, there was a process of symbolic coalition around the idea of the peasant as a primordial and victimized identity that gathered the support of multiple social sectors. As a result of these processes, a codification of the strike and its protagonists as legitimate and authentic was positioned in the public sphere, eclipsing the warlike and antidemocratic classification of their motivations and actions. It is proposed that this case may contribute to illuminate some relevant aspects for the positioning of agrarian populism, especially in relation to the cultural dimension.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Las cadenas como medio de vida(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-10) Enrico, NicoleIn a context of greater financing for conservation projects with a focus on territorial market development in the Peruvian Amazon, this research seeks to understand how the livelihoods of indigenous women producers can configure the dynamics of value chains through their trajectories. Therefore, the present study is based on the experience of the community of Shampuyacu, where the NGO Conservation International intervenes through agreements and conservation projects. Specifically, the case of the Bosque de las Nuwas Association and its tourism and infusion value chain initiatives will be analyzed. To analyze this case, we describe the dynamics of the chain, characterize the configuration of women’s livelihoods, and analyze how the association of women’s different assets and the trajectories they have in the value chain is interrelated to its dynamics. The qualitative and exploratory study finds that women’s trajectories differ by virtue of their social assets, mediated by ethnicity and relations between clans, the generalized context of gender violence, and support systems for care. Regarding human assets, the level of education can define the adoption of leadership in the chain or generate exclusion, causing conflicts. Finally, the use of natural assets such as family gardens can be an opportunity to scale up the chain, but the lack of coordination between actors doesn’t make it possible.Ítem Texto completo enlazado «Pachamama no te cuido»(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-10) Avalo, Ana Valeria; Duran, Valeria VanesaThe objective of this article is to analyze the articulation between neo-extractivist policies and neo-indigenist policies in Jujuy, Argentina, between the years 2015 and 2022. Specifically, we study the articulation of the Secretariat of Indigenous Peoples with other spheres of the provincial State and with indigenous communities. We address three cases: the sanction of Law 5915 in 2016, the creation of the Intercultural Police in 2018, and the project to install the Free Zone in Quiaca Vieja (department of Yavi, Puna region) in 2018-2022. We hold as a hypothesis that the indigenist institutionality operates to legitimize the neo-extractivist economic policy that is presented as a renewal of the productive matrix. We return to a qualitative methodology and use documentary review and interviews with key informants as data construction techniques. Our theoretical framework includes critical perspectives on neo-extractivism and neo-indigenism, as well as contributions from Indian-indigenous political thought.Ítem Texto completo enlazado De regreso al trabajo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-10) Navarro Becerra, Ana AraceliThe objective of this article is to give an account of the labor reintegration process in subjects in condition of drug addiction during their rehabilitation. Using a qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews were conducted with ten people in addiction in rehabilitation. Those who were interviewed have more than 15 years of sobriety and are part of a self-help group that implements the 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Among the results, it stands out that labor reintegration is a process that involves several phases, one of them is the period of service where the subject is prepared in the practice of punctuality, responsibility, commitment, and respect, as well as in emotional management for the performance of paid work. The decision of when, where and what activity to carry out falls, in principle, on the sponsor and the employer, since it depends on the subject’s progress in their rehabilitation, the management of their emotions and the establishment of non-conflictive interpersonal relationships. To assign work activities, support networks made up of members of the self-help group are used, since the subjects must be monitored to avoid emotional and consumption relapses.