Agenda Internacional. Vol. 23 Núm. 34 (2016)
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/175035
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado El Perú y el Foro de Cooperación Económica Asia-Pacífico(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2016-09-23) Chan Sánchez, JulioA brief presentation of the organization, structure and functioning of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) is followed by data reaffirming its economic importance. An analysis of trade and investment relations between Peru and APEC is presented as well as of Peru´s progress towards trade and investment liberalization and facilitation (Bogor Goals). Most recent activities related to the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) are reported, and also Peru´s general theme and priorities, as well as trade priorities for 2016, year in which Peru presides the Forum.Ítem Texto completo enlazado ¿Tan mortal como un conflicto armado? La violencia por pandillas y el desplazamiento forzoso en el Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2016-09-23) Cantor, David JamesThe flurry of interest around the European refugee crisis, whilst plainly justified, should not have the effect of distracting international attention from equally pressing humanitarian and refugee crises in other parts of the world. As such, this article highlights the extreme nature and scale of gang violence in the Northern Triangle countries of Central America, which has resulted in substantial forced displacement of affected populations. The article argues that, despite certain commonalities with situations of internal armed conflict (such as Syria), the scenario in the Northern Triangle poses a distinct set of additional challenges for ensuring the protection of refugees and displaced persons from these countries. The urgent need to address these challenges in the Americas is no less than for those presented by the current refugee crisis in Europe.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Excepción preliminar planteada en el asunto referido a la obligación de negociar un acceso al océano Pacífico (Bolivia vs. Chile)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2016-09-23) Abugattas, GattasIn the handling of the contentious proceedings before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) initiated by Bolivia against Chile, regarding the obligation to negotiate access to the Pacific Ocean, the latter State lodged a preliminary objection concerning the ICJ’s jurisdiction. The paper makes a brief analysis of the preliminary objections’ regulation in the Rules of the ICJ, summarizes the Chilean arguments that supported their objection to the ICJ’s jurisdiction, shows Bolivian counterarguments and presents both the arguments and the final decision of the ICJ. The document ends with the author’s comments on the position of the parties and the judgment of the ICJ.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La incorporación de la cláusula social y el funcionamiento del mercado. Dudas sobre su efectividad(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2016-09-23) Alvares Garcia Júnior, ArmandoThis article analyzes the efficiency of the so-called «social clause» (clause of protection of human and labor rights) incorporated into bilateral trade agreements concluded between the European Union and developing countries, both from the perspective of the market performance (first part of the article) and its acceptability in the Latin American and European context (second part).Ítem Texto completo enlazado El Perú en el Tratado de Asociación Transpacífico (TPP): beneficios y mitos(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2016-09-23) Castillo Mezarina, José LuisThe Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) is the first mega-regional trade agreement of the XXI century. It is composed of twelve economies of three continents, all members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).Peru’s participation in this exceptional agreement means winning five new markets in a single trade agreement: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, New Zealand, Malaysia and Vietnam. The potential increase in non-traditional Peruvian exports to those markets by the entry into force of the TPP Agreement is estimated in US$ 2,250 million. The country also gains by improving in TPP the conditions of access and trade rules of previous bilateral agreements.One of the biggest gains from TPP for developing economies like Peru is the access to global value chains, as a result of the application of a mechanism known as «origin accumulation». This mechanism will particularly benefit SMEs, as inputs they export can be introduced in a value chain of the TPP trading bloc.Regarding myths about negative impacts of the TPP, specifically about a supposed rise in prices of medicines, alleged millionaire losses in Investor-State Dispute Settlement arbitrations, and alleged restrictions on freedoms in the Internet, it is not true that the TPP Agreement generates adverse effects in these areas The same myths were spread during of the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement negotiations, and none of it happened in reality.Ítem Texto completo enlazado El ascenso de la India: de colonia al umbral de gran potencia(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2016-09-23) Alcalde Cardoza, JavierIndia began in 1947 simultaneous processes of state-building and international positioning. Under the leadership of Nehru and Indira Gandhi, consecutively, she was able to overcome great obstacles in the way of achieving a secular and democratic state, progress economically, and manage her external environment. The end of the Cold War confronted Delhi with the need to make radical adjustments in her economic and foreign policies. India partially liberalized her economy and came closer to the U.S. These changes have left India at the doors of Great Power status. At the same time, internal forces are striving to make of India a Hindu nation.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La soberanía sobre tierra y mar en el área ártica(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2016-09-23) Scovazzi, TullioThe paper reviews the claims over land and waters in the Arctic area. While almost all the disputes over land have today been settled, several questions relating to law of the sea are still pending. They regard straight baselines, navigation in ice-covered areas, transit through international straits, the outer limit of the continental shelf beyond 200 n.m. and delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between opposite or adjacent States.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La intención específica en el caso Croacia vs. Serbia: apuntes críticos sobre el fallo de la Corte Internacional de Justicia(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2016-09-23) Saucier Calderón, Jean-PaulAfter having discussed the case’s historical background and the parties’ arguments with emphasis on genocidal intent, the author offers critical comments on the ICJ’s decision. He calls into question the limitations imposed by the Court’s inferential standard and its interpretation in the Croatia v. Serbia case. Although the existence of a plurality of subjective elements in this case did not necessarily entail that there must have been a finding of genocidalintent, it appears that such a plurality has been addressed in a manner that is inconsistent with the Court’s case law, and involves excluding the possibility that genocidal intent may exist concurrently with other non-genocidal subjective elements. The Court’s position overlooks the distinction between motive and intent that has been discussed on many occasions by international criminal tribunals. That distinction could have offered a valuable framework to understand —at least partially— the interplay between different subjective elements displayed in this case. The Court’s questionable position on genocidal intent is also evidenced by its lack of a clear position on the plural reality of intent that encompasses volitional and knowledge elements. Finally, the author engages a discussion on the possibility that the Court has adopted an abstract perspective while an approach focusing on the perpetration of the alleged genocidal acts could have been more respectful of the Convention’s spirit and letter.Ítem Texto completo enlazado El «Estado Islámico»: la ruta a la autoproclamación de un califato contemporáneo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2016-09-23) Rooney, MildredIn only two years, since proclaimed it-self as a «Califate», the Islamic State has experienced an accelerated ideological, territorial and cybernetic expansion, which has led to a wave of bloody sectarian violence against non-Sunni populations. In a short time, it has managed to control large areas in Iraq and Syria where runs a political-religious administration founded on fundamentalist interpretation of the sharia. The characteristics of its organization, methodsand objectives obscure its understanding, and therefore also the design of strategies for efficient combating. This article intends to understand the genesis and expansion of this nonstate actor, its administrative and military capabilities, and self-financing; also, determine its strategy and factors that explain «media success»; explain its hybrid nature; and finally discuss the implications of its emergence in the regional dynamics, characterised by political and religiousrivalry between the representatives of the Sunni faction, Turkey and Saudi Arabia; and Shi’ite Iran. In this context convulsed by terrorism, insurgency, and the struggle for regional leadership, the Kurdish nation could find the conditions to achieve Kurdistan.